Preliminary data about the influence of vitamin D status on the loss of body fat in young overweight/obese women following two types of hypocaloric diet

Abstract

The loss of weight was analysed in a group of sixty overweight/obese women of childbearing age (20-35 years) according to their initial vitamin D status. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two slightly hypocaloric diets: Diet V, in which the consumption of vegetables was increased, or Diet C, in which the relative consumption of cereals (especially breakfast cereals) was increased. Dietetic, anthropometric and biochemical data were collected at the start of the study and again at 2 weeks after dividing the women into groups depending on their having an initial serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration of ,50 nmol/l (LD) or $50 nmol/l (HD). Dietary intervention led to a reduction in energy intake, body weight and BMI in all groups. The HD women showed greater body fat losses during the study than the LD women (1·7 (SD 1·8) kg compared to 0·5 (SD 0·8) kg). A better vitamin D status therefore aided the loss of body fat over the experimental period (OR 0·462; CI 0·271, 0·785; P, 0·001). However, when the dietary groups were analysed separately, this effect was only seen in the C subjects (OR 0·300; CI 0·121, 0·748; P,0·001). The present results suggest that women with a better vitamin D status respond more positively to hypocaloric diets and lose more body fat; this was especially clear among the C subjects who had a greater vitamin D supply during the experimental period.Vitamin D: Weight loss: Overweight: Obesity: Young women Vitamin D is essential for the regulation of serum calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase, and thus helps to produce and maintain bone (1 -3) . It has also been associated with the prevention of certain cancers, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune disorders, CVD and osteoporosis (1,4) . Different studies have observed that there is an inverse correlation between vitamin D and BMI and fat mass (5,6) . It could be explained because an adequated vitamin D status results in lower blood parathyroid hormone, diminishing calcium influx into the adipocytes and increasing lipolysis (5) . An improvement of vitamin D status, especially when trying to lose weight, may contribute to regulating the accumulation of fat (3 -7) .The aim of the present work was to analyse the repercussion of vitamin D status on the loss of body fat in young overweight/ obese women group following two slightly hypocaloric diets. Materials and methods Study subjectsThe study subjects were sixty women aged 20 -35 years. According to the requirements of the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Pharmacy, all subjects signed a witnessed form of consent to be included.The study was performed during the winter (November to March). InterventionsThe experimental diets to which the subjects were randomly assigned were designed to provide a mean of approximately 20 % less than their theoretical energy requirements. Theoretical energy expenditure was established by taking into account the age, body weight and physical activity (8) of all subjects, using equations proposed by the WHO (9) . Both diets were structured with the i...

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