“…envelopment of the kidney and ureter as a protection from obstruction due to recurrent scarring [23,26,27], Autotransplantation of peritoneum has proven suc cessful in plastic surgery to cover defects of numerous organ systems in both animal experiments and clinical studies: Free peritoneal grafts have been used in cardio vascular surgery [7,15,20], gastrointestinal surgery [3,8,17], and for meringoplasty [1], In urology, pediculated grafts have been used successfully for cystoplasty [10,13,25], as well as for closure of vesicovaginal fistulae [11]. Hutschenreiter et al [12] were the first to use free perito neal grafts in animal experiments to repair bladder wall defects, with good results.…”