Preintercalation of an organic accelerator into nanogalleries and preparation of ethylene propylene diene terpolymer rubber–clay nanocomposites

Abstract

A multifunctional additive, bis(diisopropyl) thiophosphoryl diisopropyl disulfide (DIPDIS), was melted in the presence of quaternary ammonium-modified montmorillonite clay and incorporated into an ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) rubber matrix as a nanofiller to prepare EPDM rubber nanocomposites. The finer dispersion of the organoclay (OC) in the rubber matrix was observed when the OC was preintercalated by DIPDIS using the propping-open procedure. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the silicate layers of the OC were successfully preintercalated by the DIPDIS; that is, the basal spacing of clay galleries was expanded from 2.98 to 3.76 nm. Because of the larger interlayer distance, as evidenced by XRD studies, the delamination process was facilitated through the easy intercalation of macromolecular rubber chains, which was reflected in various properties, such as the stress-strain behavior, thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties and swelling properties. XRD studies and transmission electron microscopy directly supported the effective filler dispersion in the non-polar EPDM rubber matrix. INTRODUCTIONPolymer nanocomposites based on nanoclay have recently generated a great deal of interest as a successful approach to overcome the inadequacy of conventional composites. 1-4 Very recently, advances in rubber-clay nanocomposites have attracted the attention of scientists working in the field of polymer-clay nanocomposites. In addition to higher gas barrier properties and certain improved fireresistance properties, most of the developed rubber-clay nanocomposites exhibit much higher tensile strength than that of the corresponding matrix. Generally, the corresponding ratio is at least two to three times greater. 5,6 However, because of the inorganic nature of the clay minerals, the dispersion by the delamination process of the clay layers is the main problem for the desirable reinforcement of the silicate clay layers. The most established and common ways to overcome this problem are the use of quaternary ammonium salt, 7 surfactants, 8,9 ionic liquids, 10,11 silane coupling agents 12,13 and different fatty acid salts, 14 which are common approaches to obtain a higher degree of delamination. Very recently, it was reported that 15 the preintercalation of stearic acid into the gallery of layered silicate, which was already modified by quaternary ammonium compounds (QUATs), could be one common approach to make the delamination process more effective. The effectiveness of this process was verified in different rubber systems where crosslinking was caused by a sulfur

Preparation and properties of natural rubber/organo-montmorillonite: from lab samples to bulk material

“…Good dispersion of conventional organomodified montmorillonite (OMMT) in polar elastomeric matrices has been successfully achieved due to interactions between the matrix and polar nanoclay surfaces [9,10]. On the other hand, the dispersion of such OMMT is rather unsatisfactory in nonpolar elastomeric matrices such as NR [11,12], EPDM [13,14] etc., owing to the absence of any feasible filler/matrix interactions.…”

Cathodes for Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries: Materials, Mechanisms, and Kinetics

“…The other route to reduce the electrostatic interaction between Zn 2 + andh ost atoms is the pre-intercalated method. [187][188][189][190][191] It is well knownt hat the electrostatic interaction is inversely proportionalt or 2 0 ,w here r 0 is the distance between Zn 2 + and the closet ions. The pre-intercalated objects can be organic molecules (polyaniline [192] ), inorganic metal atoms (alkali metal, [106,193,194] alkali earth metal, [172,174] andt ransition metals [107,183,195] )o rg roups (NH 4 + [135,196] ).…”

“…The other route to reduce the electrostatic interaction between Zn 2+ and host atoms is the pre‐intercalated method [187–191] . It is well known that the electrostatic interaction is inversely proportional to , where r 0 is the distance between Zn 2+ and the closet ions.…”

Synergistic effect of plasma‐modified halloysite nanotubes and carbon black in natural rubber—butadiene rubber blend

“…In the last decade, in which nanotechnology has been developed and implemented, nanofillers have extensively been investigated as fillers for polymers. They have been found to carry many benefits compared to conventional fillers: They have been reported to, for example, reduce viscosity and increase tensile strength, hardness, modulus, abrasion resistance, electrical conductivity as well as chemical resistance 1–11. Nanoclays are widely studied materials used with rubbers.…”