Prehydrodynamic evolution and its signatures in final-state heavy-ion observables

Silva, Tiago Nunes da; Chinellato, D. D.; Denicol, Gabriel S.; Hippert, Maurício; Luzum, Matthew; Noronha, Jorge; Serenone, Willian Matioli; Takahashi, J.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.103.054906

Cited by 34 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…KøMPøST has been incorporated in a number of contexts, e.g. to pre-hydrodynamic evolution and its signatures in final-state heavy-ion observables [144] and more recently, to describe photon observables in small collision systems [145].…”

Section: Kømpøstmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamic attractors in heavy ion collisions: a review

Soloviev

2021

Preprint

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Section: Kømpøstmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamic attractors in heavy ion collisions: a review

Soloviev

2021

Preprint

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“…Also, effective kinetic descriptions that describe the early time evolution and eventually connect to hydrodynamics have so far only been considered in the conformal limit. It will be important, both from a theory and a phenomenological perspective, to extend these studies to non-conformal systems, as early time bulk viscous effects could play an important role for a variety of observables [113]. Finally, it remains to be investigated how the presence of spatial fluctuations (see Sec.…”

Section: What Is a Fluid And How Small Can It Be? -The Applicability ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The smallest fluid on earth

Schenke

2021

Preprint

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High energy heavy ion collisions create quark gluon plasmas that behave like almost perfect fluids. Very similar features to those that led to this insight have also been observed in experimental data from collisions of small systems, involving protons or other light nuclei. We describe recent developments aimed at understanding whether, and if so how, systems that produce relatively few particles (orders of magnitude less than in typical heavy ion collisions) and are only one to a few times the size of a proton, can behave like fluids. This involves a deeper understanding of fluid dynamics and its applicability, improvements of our understanding of the initial geometry of the collisions by considering fluctuations of the proton shape, as well as advancements in the calculation of initial state effects within an effective theory of quantum chromodynamics, which can affect the observables that are used to study fluid behavior. We further address open questions and discuss future directions.

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“…In the moment equations (21), (22) and (23) we see that the fluid-dynamical fields are coupled to non-fluid-dynamical moments such as the ρ µ −1 that appears in the equation of motion for ν µ . In their turn, the collision term moments in Eqs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…These conditions are an essential feature of relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics, since such theories are always constructed in terms of an expansion around a fictitious local equilibrium state. The most well-known matching conditions are those due to Landau and Lifshitz [20], often employed in simulations of ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions [21][22][23], and those due to Eckart [24], more convenient for Astrophysics applications [25]. However, the novel fluid-dynamical theory derived by Bemfica, Disconzi and Noronha was shown to be acausal and linearly unstable exactly for those matching conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Transient fluid dynamics with general matching conditions: a first study from the method of moments

Rocha,

Denicol

2021

Preprint

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Recent works have revealed that matching conditions play a major role on general consistency properties of relativistic fluid dynamics such as causality, stability and wellposedness of the equations of motion. In this paper we derive transient fluid dynamics from kinetic theory, using the method of moments as proposed by Israel and Stewart, without imposing an specific matching condition. We then investigate how the equations of motion and their corresponding transport coefficients are affected by the choice of matching condition. I. INTRODUCTIONRelativistic fluid dynamics is an effective theory derived to describe the long-distance, long-time dynamics of a given microscopic theory. It is applied in several fields of physics, from the description of neutron star mergers [1,2] to the hot and dense nuclear matter produced in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions [3][4][5]. Nevertheless, the theoretical foundations of relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics remain open, still being topic of intense investigation [6,7].Relativistic generalizations of Navier-Stokes theory display physical and mathematical pathologies which practically prevents its use in general applications. The main issue is that Navier-Stokes theory is acausal and displays intrinsic instabilities [8] when perturbed around a global equilibrium state -an illness that cannot be corrected by adjusting matching conditions or transport coefficients. An early attempt to derive a linearly causal and stable fluid-dynamical theory was put forward by Israel and Stewart in the 1970's [9, 10]. The main feature of Israel-Stewart theory is that, instead of imposing constitutive relations relating the dissipative currents with derivatives of the velocity field, they promoted the non-equilibrium fields to independent dynamical variables for which they derived relaxation equations. Then, the requirements of linear causality and stability yield constrains on the relaxation times that are allowed in the formulation [11][12][13][14]. Even so, in Israel-Stewart theories, existence and uniqueness of solutions are not guaranteed in general curved spaces [15].Recently, Bemfica, Disconzi and Noronha proposed a novel theory of fluid dynamics which is not derived following the procedure outlined by . Other aspects about this formulation were also investigated in Refs. [18,19]. In this approach, fluid dynamics is constructed from a generalized gradient expansion, which includes both time-like and space-like gradients. This is in contrast to the traditional approach, used to derive Navier-Stokes theory, which consists of an expansion only in space-like gradients. It was then demonstrated that a first order theory in such generalized gradient expansion can lead to a causal and linearly stable theory as long as appropriate matching conditions are imposed.Matching conditions are constraints required to define the local equilibrium state of a fluid in the presence of dissipation, i.e., they define the temperature, chemical potential, and velocity of a viscous fluid. These conditi...

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Prehydrodynamic evolution and its signatures in final-state heavy-ion observables

Cited by 34 publications

References 80 publications

Hydrodynamic attractors in heavy ion collisions: a review

Hydrodynamic attractors in heavy ion collisions: a review

The smallest fluid on earth

Transient fluid dynamics with general matching conditions: a first study from the method of moments

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