Prehospital Management of Earthquake Casualties Buried Under Rubble

Ashkenazi, Itamar; Isakovich, B; Kluger, Yoram; Alfici, Ricardo; Kessel, Boris; Better, Ori S.

doi:10.1017/s1049023x00002302

Cited by 57 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…In fact, all hospitals and schools after the new standards and reinforcement withstood the Lushan Earthquake. Secondly, past observations of earthquakes indicate that rapid extrication and treatment are critical for the patients' survival in Ashkenazi et al 2005. The immediate needs of disaster victims must be met within hours of disaster impact.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of two large earthquakes in China: the 2008 Sichuan Wenchuan Earthquake and the 2013 Sichuan Lushan Earthquake

et al. 2014

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Over a period of 5 years, two large earthquakes struck Sichuan Wenchuan and Lushan successively. The two main seismic zones are only 87 km apart along the same seismic belt on the Longmenshan fault. Although there was only one magnitude of difference between the two great quakes, losses from the 2013 Lushan Earthquake were much lower than that of 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake. This study compares these disasters in terms of preparation and response in order to develop effective ways to reduce casualty and economic loss in future earthquakes. By determining what was done right after the Wenchuan Earthquake, we can better understand how to reduce future losses. This study focuses on seven factors: basic information, preparedness, government response, local residents' responses, medical rescue teams' work, earthquake-induced secondary effects, and injury character. We also recommend that three major actions should be emphasized to facilitate the most effective course of disaster planning and action. First, sufficient preparedness and strict preventive measures form the foundation to minimize damage and reduce casualties. Once the disaster had occurred, a single, well-run headquarters increases efficiency in rescue efforts. Finally, local rescue strength of both professional staff and citizens is the most critical factor to lower disaster casualties.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Past observations of earthquakes indicate that rapid extrication and treatment are critical for the patients' survival in emergency settings (Ashkenazi et al 2005). The immediate needs of disaster victims must be met within hours of the disaster.…”

Section: Acceptance Of Emergency Medical Rescue Teamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of two large earthquakes in China: the 2008 Sichuan Wenchuan Earthquake and the 2013 Sichuan Lushan Earthquake

et al. 2014

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“…Past observations of earthquakes indicated that rapid extrication and treatment are critical for the patients' survival in emergency settings (Ashkenazi et al 2005). The immediate needs of disaster victims must be met within hours of disaster impact.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chinese national emergency medical rescue team response to the Sichuan Lushan earthquake

et al. 2013

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“…Many studies have determined that rapid extrication of victims trapped under rubble significantly reduces mortality in earthquakes. The victims tend to have typical injuries (e.g., crush syndrome), which require knowledge of appropriate treatment methods (Schultz et al 1996;PeekAsa et al 1998;Ashkenzai et al 2005;Ramirez and Peek-Asa 2005;Macintyre et al 2006;Bartal et al 2011). Therefore, the existence and efficacy of search and rescue teams combined with access to pre-hospital care may have a crucial effect on the number casualties (Haojun et al 2011).…”

Section: Medical Preparedness and Earthquake-induced Injury And Mortamentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating epidemiological and engineering approaches in the assessment of human casualties in earthquakes

et al. 2015

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Earthquakes pose substantial risks of human health. Preparedness and mitigation strategies can reduce earthquake-related injuries and deaths and information from casualty models that predict earthquake outcomes can help communities prepare. This study identifies epidemiologic and medical risk factors for earthquake casualties, and compares them with engineering casualty models for the purpose of providing evidence that integrates these approaches. It aims to improve earthquake casualty modeling and to offer better accurate estimations. Epidemiological studies that used analytical designs and reported risk factors related to earthquake-induced casualties and studies that examined the association between medical preparedness and earthquake-induced casualties were reviewed. Engineering casualty estimation models were reviewed to identify which risk factors were considered in the models. Epidemiological studies identified the following risk factors: gender, age, socioeconomic status, physical disability and human behavior. Medical preparedness factors were also related to earthquake-induced injury and death. Global casualty estimation models do not currently consider these factors. This study provides evidence that integrating demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the population and levels of medical preparedness into the existing casualty estimation models may improve their accuracy.

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Prehospital Management of Earthquake Casualties Buried Under Rubble

Cited by 57 publications

References 81 publications

Comparison of two large earthquakes in China: the 2008 Sichuan Wenchuan Earthquake and the 2013 Sichuan Lushan Earthquake

Comparison of two large earthquakes in China: the 2008 Sichuan Wenchuan Earthquake and the 2013 Sichuan Lushan Earthquake

The Chinese national emergency medical rescue team response to the Sichuan Lushan earthquake

Integrating epidemiological and engineering approaches in the assessment of human casualties in earthquakes

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