“…Theories about the prehistoric distribution of coca-leaf chewing in ancient Andean peoples have been the subject of considerable debate, particularly the pervasiveness and geographical distribution of coca chewing (e.g., Leigh, 1937;Murra, 1986;Naranjo, 1981). In attempting to understand the distribution of coca chewing in the ancient Andes, studies have been conducted in multiple disciplines, including biology Aufderheide et al, 1991); dental anthropology (Thompson, 1903;Leigh, 1937;Klepinger et al, 1977;Elzay et al, 1977;Turner, 1993;Langsjoen, 1996); archaeology (Lanning, 1967;Lumbreras, 1974;Menzel, 1977, Naranjo, 1981Moseley, 1992); and botany (Molina et al, 1985;Plowman, 1984Plowman, , 1985. The findings and conclusions from these reports, however, have not always been consistent.…”