Prehistoric contacts over the Straits of Gibraltar indicated by genetic analysis of Iberian Bronze Age cattle

Anderung, Cecilia; Bouwman, Abigail; Persson, Per; Carretero, José Miguel; Martínez, Ana Isabel Ortega; Elburg, Rengert; Smith, Colin; Arsuaga, Juan Luís; Ellegren, Hans; Götherström, Anders

doi:10.1073/pnas.0503396102

Cited by 106 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…3]. The dataset contains ancient Iberian brown bear sequences, where some are from sites that have previously yielded DNA (20)(21)(22). One sample (Vb9184, see SI Dataset 1) was identified as a cave bear (Ursus spelaeus).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surprising migration and population size dynamics in ancient Iberian brown bears ( Ursus arctos )

Valdiosera

García-Garitagoitia

Garcı́a

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The endangered brown bear populations (Ursus arctos) in Iberia have been suggested to be the last fragments of the brown bear population that served as recolonization stock for large parts of Europe during the Pleistocene. Conservation efforts are intense, and results are closely monitored. However, the efforts are based on the assumption that the Iberian bears are a unique unit that has evolved locally for an extended period. We have sequenced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from ancient Iberian bear remains and analyzed them as a serial dataset, monitoring changes in diversity and occurrence of European haplogroups over time. Using these data, we show that the Iberian bear population has experienced a dynamic, recent evolutionary history. Not only has the population undergone mitochondrial gene flow from other European brown bears, but the effective population size also has fluctuated substantially. We conclude that the Iberian bear population has been a fluid evolutionary unit, developed by gene flow from other populations and population bottlenecks, far from being in genetic equilibrium or isolated from other brown bear populations. Thus, the current situation is highly unusual and the population may in fact be isolated for the first time in its history.bottleneck ͉ gene flow ͉ mitochondrial DNA ͉ ancient DNA ͉ serial coalescent simulations

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surprising migration and population size dynamics in ancient Iberian brown bears ( Ursus arctos )

Valdiosera

García-Garitagoitia

Garcı́a

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…DNA Analysis. DNA was extracted with a collagenase and phosphate buffer-extraction protocol (24). After this, the mtDNA control region was lifted from the extract as described (24) by using biotinylated probes (primers Pex1R, Pex2F, Pex2R, and Pex3F) (19).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient DNA reveals lack of postglacial habitat tracking in the arctic fox

Dalén

Nyström

Valdiosera

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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146

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How species respond to an increased availability of habitat, for example at the end of the last glaciation, has been well established. In contrast, little is known about the opposite process, when the amount of habitat decreases. The hypothesis of habitat tracking predicts that species should be able to track both increases and decreases in habitat availability. The alternative hypothesis is that populations outside refugia become extinct during periods of unsuitable climate. To test these hypotheses, we used ancient DNA techniques to examine genetic variation in the arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) through an expansion/contraction cycle. The results show that the arctic fox in midlatitude Europe became extinct at the end of the Pleistocene and did not track the habitat when it shifted to the north. Instead, a high genetic similarity between the extant populations in Scandinavia and Siberia suggests an eastern origin for the Scandinavian population at the end of the last glaciation. These results provide new insights into how species respond to climate change, since they suggest that populations are unable to track decreases in habitat avaliability. This implies that arctic species may be particularly vulnerable to increases in global temperatures.climate change ͉ evolutionary stasis ͉ extinction ͉ phylogeography ͉ postglacial recolonization

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“…Dispersal from areas around the Mediterranean Sea remains a possibility. Analysis of goats from the Mediterranean countries would be necessary to test this suggestion in view of findings from the analysis of various markers (mtDNA, Y-chromosome and microsatellites) which indicate that bidirectional movement of goats, sheep (Pereira et al, 2005;Canon et al, 2006) and cattle (Cymbron et al, 2005;Anderung et al, 2005) were common between northern Africa and Iberia in medieval times. The sub-clusters observed in Zaraibi and Shami (Figure 1a and b) most likely reveal the effects of reproductive isolation and breeding strategies.…”

Section: Population Structure and Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and structure of goats within an early livestock dispersal area in Eastern North Africa

Elbeltagy¹,

Aboul-Naga²,

Hassen³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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In this study we genotyped 14 microsatellites to assess genetic diversity, population stratification and demographic dynamics using Egyptian local goats (Zaraibi, Baladi, Saidi and Barki) and the Shami (Damascus) goat from the Middle East and West Asia close to the geographic center of goat domestication. We observed high levels of allelic and genetic diversity that was partitioned into six gene pools. Cluster analyses separated Zaraibi and Shami, which were identified with independent gene pools of potential ancestral backgrounds. The analyses provided further evidence for extensive sharing of genetic variation, revealing, varying levels of admixture among the study populations. This finding was supported by AMOVA analysis, which indicated that the proportion of genetic variation due to differences among populations was 7.06%. Our results most likely indicate that multiple waves of introduction of diverse gene pools and recent flock intermixing has created and maintained a unique set of caprine biodiversity in Eastern North Africa emphasizing the importance of the region as one of the hotbeds of African animal biodiversity.

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Prehistoric contacts over the Straits of Gibraltar indicated by genetic analysis of Iberian Bronze Age cattle

Cited by 106 publications

References 23 publications

Surprising migration and population size dynamics in ancient Iberian brown bears ( Ursus arctos )

Surprising migration and population size dynamics in ancient Iberian brown bears ( Ursus arctos )

Ancient DNA reveals lack of postglacial habitat tracking in the arctic fox

Genetic diversity and structure of goats within an early livestock dispersal area in Eastern North Africa

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