Preharvest Herbicide Treatments Affect Black Bean Desiccation, Yield, and Canned Bean Color

Abstract

To facilitate direct harvest, preharvest herbicide applications are used to desiccate weeds and to accelerate and promote uniform dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) maturation. Field trials were conducted near Richville, MI, in 2013 and 2014 to evaluate the effects of preharvest herbicide treatments on desiccation, yield, and canned black bean quality and color. Three black bean cultivars, Zorro, Eclipse, and Zenith, were planted on two different dates in each of 2 yr. Three preharvest herbicide treatments, paraquat, glyphosate, and saflufenacil, were applied at a standard (pods = 80% yellow) and an early (pods = 50% yellow) application timing. A nontreated control was established for each cultivar. Differences in black bean desiccation were greatest 3 d after treatment (DAT), with paraquat and saflufenacil showing the quickest desiccation at the early application timing. By 7 DAT, desiccation for most preharvest treatments was >95%. Saflufenacil applied at the early timing reduced yield by as much as 55% compared with the nontreated control. Yield was generally not affected when preharvest herbicide treatments were applied at the standard application timing. Black bean cultivar influenced canned bean color retention (Zenith > Zorro > Eclipse). Preharvest herbicide treatments reduced color retention when applied at the early application timing; glyphosate reduced color retention by as much as 24%. Because of variability in bean maturation rate within a field, preharvest herbicide treatments need to be applied as close to physiological maturity as possible to minimize yield losses and maintain color retention of canned black bean.

Prediction of canned black bean texture (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from intact dry seeds using visible/near infrared spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging data

“…Set 1 consisted of 190 independent lines of bean samples. These different lines represented three varieties: Eclipse (Treasure Valley Seed Co., Homedale, ID, USA), Zorro (Michigan Crop Improvement Association, Lansing, MI, USA), and Zenith (Michigan Crop Improvement Association) which were grown at the Michigan State University Saginaw Valley Research and Extension Center near Richville, Michigan in 2013 and 2014 . Set 2 consisted of 184 types of samples representing 92 black bean varieties and breeding lines collected from the major U.S. bean breeding programs grown at the Michigan State University Saginaw Valley Research and Extension Center in 2014.…”

Dessecação pré-colheita em sorgo granífero: qualidade fisiológica das sementes e efeito sobre a rebrota

“…O uso de dessecantes para a antecipação da colheita de sementes é uma prática comum em diversas culturas como feijão (Goffnett et al, 2016), soja (Bezerra et al, 2016, trigo (Krenchinski et al, 2017), arroz (He et al, 2015), canola (Zhang & Van Vekdhuizen, 2016) e mamona (Costa et al, 2018). Para a maioria das culturas há dessecantes registrados, porém, na cultura do sorgo a dessecação, quando necessária, é feita de forma empírica pelos produtores e não há produtos registrados.…”

Efficacy of Different Formulation of Glyphosate Herbicide on Sorghum Weeds

“…Glyphosate products are used primarily before planting of traditional agricultural crops and after planting of genetically modified glyphosate-resistant crops (Duke and Powles, 2009). Increasingly, they have been used for desiccation as a 'harvest aid' on traditional grain crops (Goffnett, et al, 2016;Nelson et al, 2001;Zhang et al, 2017).…”