Preharvest Glyphosate Application during Wheat Cultivation: Effects on Wheat Starch Physicochemical Properties

Abstract

Due to nonuniform maturation, some plants may not be at the recommended stage of maturity when preharvest glyphosate is applied. The objective of this study was to determine how preharvest glyphosate timing affects wheat starch physicochemical properties. Two wheat cultivars were grown in three locations, and glyphosate was applied at the soft dough stage (early application) and the ripe stage (commercial standard). Upon harvest, starch chemical characteristics were studied. The proportion of B-type starch granules was lower in treated samples, although the starch molecular weight was not affected. Rapidly digestible starch content was highest when glyphosate was applied at the ripe stage, and lowest in the control, and vice versa for slowly digestible starch. Additionally, flour pasting viscosity was significantly higher in samples treated at the soft dough stage. Overall, the effects on wheat starch physicochemical characteristics were more pronounced when glyphosate was applied at the soft dough stage of maturity.

Table_3.XLSX

“…It has been applied worldwide for pre-harvest desiccation of numerous crops like wheat, soybean, cowpea, etc. (Assis et al, 2019;Malalgoda et al, 2019). Our study confirmed the efficacy of glyphosate for preharvest maize desiccation (Figures 1, 3A).…”

Table_4.XLSX

“…And the protein content in maize seed was significantly positively correlated with seed vigor (Wen et al, 2018). In general, glyphosate improved the quality of maize seeds, the similar result was from previous observations in wheat (Malalgoda et al, 2019). Both the pre-harvest management and enhanced seed quality, glyphosate showed a positive role on agricultural production.…”

“…Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine, GP] is an active ingredient in herbicides and is widely used for weed control (Orson and Davies, 2007). GP-based herbicides have been extensively used for pre-harvest desiccation of soybean (Whigham and Stoller, 1979;Pereira et al, 2015), rice (Bond and Bollich, 2007;He et al, 2015), beans (McNaughton et al, 2015Parreira et al, 2015;Goffnett et al, 2016), wheat (Gélinas et al, 2018;Perboni et al, 2018;Malalgoda et al, 2019). This treatment has decreased seed production costs by drying crops and grains, promoting uniform maturation, and supporting timely combine harvesting (Xu et al, 2019).…”

Pesticide residue in grain‐based food: Effects on health, grain quality, and chemical properties of biomacromolecules

“…In a recent study by Malalgoda, Ohm, Ransom, Green, et al. (2020), the effect of preharvest glyphosate application of the physicochemical properties of starch was investigated, and it was found glyphosate application could change the proportion of A and B type starch granules in spring wheat, possibly by interference in the deposition of starch. The study also indicated that structural characteristics of starch molecules may be impacted because changes in digestibility were observed.…”