Pregnant women in the exposure to COVID-19 infection outbreak: the unseen risk factors and preventive healthcare patterns

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pregnancy: a systematic review

“…Once a pregnant woman is suspected/confirmed COVID-19 infection, maternal care and childbirth would become complicated and challenging. Studies have presented with preventive healthcare patterns and safe delivery strategies to handle pregnant women with COVID-19 [11,12]. An expert consensus for managing pregnant women and neonates born to mothers with suspected/confirmed COVID-19 infection has also been published to guide clinical practice, which demonstrated the route of delivery and delivery timing should be individualized according to obstetrical indications and maternal-fetal status [10].…”

Vertical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from COVID-19 Infected Pregnant Women: A Review on Intrauterine Transmission

“…In the current review two studies reported SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibodies in newborns of COVID19 infected mothers which suggest that there may be in utero transmission of SARS-CoV-2. As IgM antibodies cannot usually pass through placenta from mothers to fetuses due to its larger macromolecular structure [27] therefore, authors of the studies speculated that SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibodies could have been produced by newborns as an immune response to transmission of virus from mother to fetus through placenta. The question arises if these newborns were not truly infected with SARS-CoV-2, instead, degraded antigens of SARS-CoV-2 may had passed through the placenta and IgG and IgM levels were elevated as a result of immune response to those degraded fragments of the virus.…”

Improving the quality of care in pregnancy and childbirth with coronavirus (COVID-19): a systematic review

“…j. The prenatal anxiety, depression, and stress are also considered as prevalent public health issues in pregnant women, because of the stress-related concerns of mothers about their health and the health of their babies are growing under the COVID-19 outbreak [20]. k. Antiviral treatment has been recommended for pregnant.…”