Pregnancy-Specific β<sub>1</sub>-Glycoprotein

Chou, Janice Y.; Plouzek, Cathie A.

doi:10.1055/s-2007-1018867

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Human PSGs are made up of one Ig variable-like domain (N), followed by one to three Ig constant type 2-like domains of two different types (A and B), and a short hydrophilic tail (C). Common domain arrangements are type I (L-N-A1-A2-B2-C), type IIa (L-N-A1-B2-C), and type IIb (L-N-A2-B2-C) [27][28][29], where L represents the signal peptide that is cleaved off in the mature protein. Mature PSGs from human placenta have molecular weights of 72, 64, and 54 kDa [24] and contain approximately 30% carbohydrate [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy-Specific Glycoprotein (PSG) in Baboon (Papio hamadryas): Family Size, Domain Structure, and Prediction of a Functional Region in Primate PSGs1

Zhou¹,

Hammarström²

2001

Biology of Reproduction

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Pregnancy-specific glycoprotein (PSG) constitutes a major component of serum of pregnant women and appears to be essential for a successful pregnancy. Its function is, however, still unknown. Because of the evolutionary divergence between human and rodent PSG, functional studies may require a primate animal model. We have characterized PSG transcripts in a baboon placenta cDNA library and analyzed baboon genomic DNA. The main PSG isoform had the domain structure N-A1-B2-C similar to the human type IIa isoform. The type I isoform (N-A1-A2-B2-C) was also expressed. Fifteen similar PSG genes were identified of which at least nine were simultaneously expressed in third trimester baboon placenta. Thus, the baboon PSG family was as complex as that of humans. Recombinant baboon PSG (isoform IIa) had a molecular weight of 38 kDa and reacted with antibodies against human PSG. Comparative analysis of 43 N-domain amino acid sequences of PSG from four species and nine primate carcinoembryonic antigen subgroup N domain sequences identified a number of residues in the GFCC'C" ss-sheet and FG loop that are probable candidates for PSG binding to its putative ligand.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy-Specific Glycoprotein (PSG) in Baboon (Papio hamadryas): Family Size, Domain Structure, and Prediction of a Functional Region in Primate PSGs1

Zhou¹,

Hammarström²

2001

Biology of Reproduction

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“…Based on the sequence identity at nucleotide and amino acid levels, PSG family members and the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family members were categorized into one subfamily within the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily [1,5]. The protein structure of PSG/CEA family members consists of a leader peptide, an Ig variable (V)-like N-terminal domain, various numbers of Ig constant (C)-like domains, and a carboxyl domain of varying length [1,5]. The carboxyl domain determines whether the PSG/ CEA family members are cell-surface bound or secreted molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs) are selectively expressed in the placenta [1]. In situ hybridization has further revealed that PSG is synthesized by the syncytiotrophoblast and spongiotrophoblast in the human and rat placenta, respectively [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The carboxyl domain determines whether the PSG/ CEA family members are cell-surface bound or secreted molecules. The CEA subfamily members are cell-surface bound molecules, whereas the PSG subfamily members are secreted molecules [1,5]. Multiple functions have been attributed to the CEA subfamily members, including cell adhesion, receptors for bacteria and mouse hepatitis virus, and inhibition of tumor growth [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Functional Composite Cis-Element for NFκB and RBPJκ in the Rat Pregnancy-Specific Glycoprotein Gene1

Wang

Chang

Lee

et al. 2001

Biology of Reproduction

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The rat pregnancy-specific glycoprotein gene rnCGM3 is primarily expressed in the placenta. Previously, three DNase I footprinting sites (FPI, FPII, and FPIII) were identified in the rnCGM3 promoter region, a yeast one-hybrid screen was performed to identify the nuclear factors binding to the FPIII (5'-GCCTGGGAAAAAACTC-3') element, and RBPJ kappa, a downstream effector of the Notch signaling pathway, was identified as one of the FPIII-binding factors. In the present study, the NF kappa B member p65 was identified as another FPIII-binding factor. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that NF kappa B members, including p50 and p65, bound to the FPIII site. The core binding sequence in the FPIII element for p50 and p65 is GGGAAA, which overlaps with that for RBPJ kappa. Competition exists between p50 and RBPJ kappa for binding to the FPIII element. Transient expression analyses revealed that p65 significantly stimulated the expression of a reporter gene directed by the NF kappa B core sequence in the FPIII element. However, RBPJ kappa could block this stimulation. These results suggest that the regulation of rnCGM3 expression involves both NF kappa B and RBPJ kappa, and they are mutually exclusive in the FPIII element.

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“…All PSG are secreted molecules produced in large amounts by the syncytiotrophoblast in placenta [18]. The PSGs can be classified into four types based on their domain composition, type I (N-A1-A2-B2-C), type IIa (N-A1-B2-C), type IIb (N-A2-B2-C) [19], type III (N-B2-C) and type IV (A1-B2-C) [20]. Chamberlin et al [21] have defined two groups of PSG promoter regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the Carcinoembryonic Antigen Family

Frängsmyr¹,

Israelsson²,

Teglund³

et al. 2000

Tumor Biol

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Earlier studies have demonstrated that the genes of the human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family can be divided into three subgroups, the CEA subgroup (n = 12), the pregnancy-specific glycoprotein (PSG) subgroup (n = 11), and a third subgroup (n = 6). To further characterize the CEA gene family, we have determined the genomic structures of CGM9 and CGM11, analyzed the promoter regions of all eleven PSGs, studied the CGM15-PSG13 intergenic region and the evolutionary relationships beween the CEA family genes. CGM9, a typical CEA subgroup member, was a pseudogene with the exon structure [5′UTR-L-L/N-TM-Cyt-3′UTR]. CGM11 contained a mixture of exons derived from CEA and PSG subgroup genes. The formula of the CGM11 pseudogene was [5′UTR-L-L/N-C-3′UTR]. Thus both genes lacked the IgC2-like domains typically found in CEA subfamily members. The upstream promoter regions of all eleven PSGs were characterized. All PSG promoters lacked the classical TATA and CCAAT elements, but had putative PEA3 box(es), CACCC box(es), a RARE box, and poly (dG-dT) repeats of different lengths. Five PSGs also had an SP1 site. The complete 10-kb intergenic region between CGM15 and PSG13 was sequenced. Clusters of different types of repetitive sequences were seen. The time of divergence of the CEA and PSG subfamilies was estimated to be 107.7 ± 17.1 million years, or at about the time of human-rodent divergence. Models for the evolution of CEA and PSG and the third family subgroup genes are proposed.

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Pregnancy-Specific β₁-Glycoprotein

Cited by 21 publications

References 53 publications

Pregnancy-Specific Glycoprotein (PSG) in Baboon (Papio hamadryas): Family Size, Domain Structure, and Prediction of a Functional Region in Primate PSGs1

Pregnancy-Specific Glycoprotein (PSG) in Baboon (Papio hamadryas): Family Size, Domain Structure, and Prediction of a Functional Region in Primate PSGs1

A Functional Composite Cis-Element for NFκB and RBPJκ in the Rat Pregnancy-Specific Glycoprotein Gene1

Evolution of the Carcinoembryonic Antigen Family

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Pregnancy-Specific β1-Glycoprotein

Cited by 21 publications

References 53 publications

Pregnancy-Specific Glycoprotein (PSG) in Baboon (Papio hamadryas): Family Size, Domain Structure, and Prediction of a Functional Region in Primate PSGs1

Pregnancy-Specific Glycoprotein (PSG) in Baboon (Papio hamadryas): Family Size, Domain Structure, and Prediction of a Functional Region in Primate PSGs1

A Functional Composite Cis-Element for NFκB and RBPJκ in the Rat Pregnancy-Specific Glycoprotein Gene1

Evolution of the Carcinoembryonic Antigen Family

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Product

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Pregnancy-Specific β₁-Glycoprotein