Pregnancy-Related Complications in Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Prospective Cohort Study

Abstract

The aim of this prospective cohort study was to determine whether women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) have an increased risk of pregnancy complications compared to normal pregnant women. A total of 1092 singleton pregnancies were followed, 431 in women with RPL and 661 in normal healthy women. The prevalence of the following complications was observed: threatened miscarriage, miscarriage, cervical insufficiency, chromosomal/genetic abnormalities, fetal anomalies, oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios, fetal growth restriction, intrauterine fetal death, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia, placenta previa, abruptio placentae, pregnancy-related liver disorders, and preterm premature rupture of the membranes. The odds ratio and 95% CI for each pregnancy complication considered were determined by comparing women with RPL and normal healthy women. Women with RPL had an overall rate of pregnancy complications higher than normal women (OR = 4.37; 95% CI: 3.353–5.714; p < 0.0001). Their risk was increased for nearly all the conditions considered. They also had an increased risk of multiple concomitant pregnancy complications (OR = 4.64; 95% CI: 3.10–6.94, p < 0.0001). Considering only women with RPL, women with ≥3 losses had a higher risk of pregnancy complications than women with two losses (OR = 1.269; 95% CI: 1.112–2.386, p < 0.02). No differences were found in the overall risk of pregnancy complications according to the type, explained or unexplained, of RPL. Women with secondary RPL had an increased risk of GDM than women with primary RPL. Pregnancy in women with RPL should be considered at high risk.

Bleeding during pregnancy as a reason for interventions by emergency medical services teams in Poland

“…In turn, patients who are still pregnant after an episode of bleeding are at a higher risk of complications at later stages of pregnancy, including preterm birth or premature separation of placenta [16,[19][20][21][22]. Vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy is most commonly associated with miscarriage [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. There are numerous risk factors for miscarriage, including advanced age, history of miscarriage, substance use, patient's abnormally low or high body weight, history of preterm birth, history of stillbirth, history of Caesarean section, and gestational diabetes in a previous pregnancy [23][24][25][26][27].…”

“…In early pregnancy, bleeding occurs in approx. 25% of women [6] and is most commonly associated with miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Later in the pregnancy, bleeding may mark the beginning of a preterm labour, and may result in a haemorrhage threatening the health of the woman and the foetus.…”

Emergency Cervical Cerclage

“…Despite the progress of medicine in the last decades, recurrent pregnancy loss, premature birth, and related complications are still a vast problem [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Nevertheless, the development in neonatal care has led to a spectacular increase in neonatal survival.…”

Women with a History of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Are a High-Risk Population for Adverse Obstetrical Outcome: A Retrospective Cohort Study

“…Several studies supporting the abovementioned theory report a significantly higher rate of pre-eclampsia [ 24 , 25 , 26 ], stillbirth [ 21 , 24 , 26 , 27 ], small for gestational age (SGA) infants [ 14 , 21 , 24 , 26 , 28 ], preterm delivery [ 14 , 21 , 24 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ] and placental abruption [ 24 , 25 , 26 ] in women with three or more miscarriages.…”