Pregnancy Rates in Lactating Holstein–Friesian Cows after Artificial Insemination with Sexed Sperm

Andersson, Maria; Taponen, Juhani; Kommeri, M; Dahlbom, M.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0531.2006.00625.x

Cited by 57 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…Improvements in reproductive technologies resulting in an increase in conception rate of sex sorted semen could lead to a lower AFC results for the different sexed semen AI strategies. It has been shown that conception rates of 20-40% are practically achievable with sex sorted semen (Seidel & Schenk, 2002;Weigel, 2004;Andersson et al, 2006;Norman et al, 2010). Hence, it is expected that under suitable management practices, no significant differences in AFC will be found among different breeding strategies that utilize sexed semen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Weigel (2004) reported a conception rate of 58% when heifers were bred to conventional semen and a conception rate of 21-37% when heifers were bred to sexed semen. On the other hand, Andersson et al (2006) found conception rates of 46% and 21% in lactating cows when they were bred to conventional and sexed semen, respectively. In a comprehensive study in the USA, Norman et al (2010) reported a 56% conception rate for conventional semen versus a 39% conception rate for sexed semen in Holstein heifers.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The extent of increase in first calving age as a result of implementing various sexed semen breeding strategies

Joezy-Shekalgorabi

Shadparvar

Vries

2014

Span. j. agric. res.

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A deterministic simulation was conducted to assess the effects of sexed semen utilization strategies on age at first calving (AFC). Four different strategies were implemented on dairy heifers: continuous use of conventional semen only (CC), continuous use of sexed semen only (SS), utilization of sexed semen for both the first and second services with conventional semen afterwards (S2), and utilization of sexed semen for the first service with conventional semen afterwards (S1). Results indicated that continuous utilization of sexed semen led to the greatest AFC; however at high conception rates, strategies displayed negligible differences on AFC. Increases in estrus detection rate had the greatest effects on decreasing AFC of the SS scenarios. Negative effect of sexed semen on AFC increased when the effect of low estrus detection rate was combined with low conception rate of sexed semen. Results indicated that in the case of access to sexed semen conception rate, prediction of AFC is possible by quadratic polynomial or exponential equations, depending to the applied breeding strategy. Simultaneous utilization of sexed and conventional semen in a herd did not make a substantial change in AFC when a low percentage of sexed semen was employed. Increasing the contribution of different sexed semen strategies led to higher AFC variation, especially for the SS strategy. AFC of strategies that utilize sexed semen is highly dependent on the conception rate, estrus detection rate and the contribution of sex sorted semen in the total number of inseminations of the heifer herd.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The extent of increase in first calving age as a result of implementing various sexed semen breeding strategies

Joezy-Shekalgorabi

Shadparvar

Vries

2014

Span. j. agric. res.

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“…Seidel (2007) stated that low doses of sperm has a small effect on the CR of sexed semen in heifers when reproductive management is excellent, and that successful use of sexed semen depends on excellent management of cattle, careful handling of sperm and use of skilled inseminators. Anderson et al (2006) reported that the average CR was 21% with sexed semen and 46% with unsexed semen in cows. Crichton et al (2006) showed that the CR of sexed and unsexed semen at first insemination was 40% and 56%, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of widespread and limited use of sexed semen on genetic progress and reproductive performance of dairy cows

Khalajzadeh

Nejati‐Javaremi

Yeganeh

2012

Animal

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Stochastic simulation was used for studying the impacts of sexed semen on genetic progress and reproductive performance of dairy cows. Three strategies were compared: WSS (use unsexed semen in cows and heifers), SSH (use sexed semen in heifers and unsexed semen in cows) and SSCH (use sexed semen in both cows and heifers). Conception rate (CR) of unsexed semen was considered to be 35% and 65% in cows and heifers, respectively. CR of sexed semen was considered to be 15 (20% in cows and 50% in heifers), 10, 5 and 0 percentage points lower than unsexed semen. Thus, four subschemes were compared under SSCH (SSCH15, SSCH10, SSCH5, SSCH0) and SSH (SSH15, SSH10, SSH5, SSH0). Moreover, the effect was studied in four distinct paths of selection: active sires (AS), young bulls (YB), bull dams (BD) and milking cows (CW). The average genetic superiority of CW was 12% and 9.5% in SSCH15 and SSH15 strategies relative to a base scheme, respectively. The average genetic superiority of CW was 19% and 10.5% in SSCH0 and SSH0, respectively. Regression analysis showed that genetic superiority of CW increased significantly, that is, 0.5% and 0.1% per every 1% increase in CR in SSCH and SSH, respectively. The result showed that there is a significant difference between genetic superiority of cows in SSCH and SSH schemes. Widespread and limited use of sexed semen in commercial dairy herds resulted in a large genetic advantage in CW. The genetic advantage of gender control was minimal in the selection paths of AS, YB and BD. Open days and services per conception reached to 153 v. 125 days and 5 v. 2.86 under SSCH15 compared with WSS. The age at first calving increased from 774 to 790 days in SSH15 and SSCH15 strategies. Mean of parities decreased to 2.26 v. 2.42 by using sexed semen. The widespread use of sexed semen increased the age average of cows in all parities. Sexed semen increased selection intensity in the CW path, and this contributed to the genetic merit of future cows. On the other hand, sexed semen had a negative effect on the reproductive performance of dairy cows. Generally, although the effect of widespread use of sexed semen (SSCH) on genetic progress is significantly more than limited use of sexed semen (SSH), SSCH decreased reproductive performance of dairy herds dramatically, and this suggests that SSH scenarios might be more appropriate in animal breeding programs. Finally, to make a decision of which schemes are more convenient, it is necessary to compare the economic aspects of schemes.Keywords: sexed semen, selection, progeny test, open days, dairy cow Implications Sexed semen might increase the genetic progress of dairy cows by enhancing selection intensity. Sexed semen decreases the reproductive performance of dairy herds owing to low fertility. Reduction in reproductive performance has a negative effect on genetic progress by increasing generation interval and reducing newborn calves. Previous researchers have not considered these positive and negative effects of sexed semen simultaneously in a stochastic simu...

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“…Com a utilização de sêmen sexado, sem submetê-los a congelação, na produção in vitro de embriões, obtém-se 66% de clivagem e 16 a 20% de desenvolvimento (Guthrie et al, 2002). Na inseminação artificial, a taxa de prenhez variou de 21 a 48%, enquanto utilizando espermatozoides não-sexados as taxas foram 32% a 68% (Bodmer et al, 2005;Andersson et al, 2006;Siedel & Schenk, 2008). Considerando esses resultados, torna-se evidente que os espermatozoides sexados por citometria de fluxo comprometem a taxa de gestação e estratégias para a aplicação comercial in vivo desse sêmen deveriam ter como foco caminhos para se obter um benefício efetivo, incluindo idade à primeira parição, frente ao custo de utilização (Weigel, 2004 …”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Sexagem de espermatozoides bovinos por centrifugação em gradiente descontínuo de densidade de Percoll

Lima¹,

Moreira‐Filho

Lucio

et al. 2011

R. Bras. Zootec.

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RESUMO -O objetivo neste trabalho foi desenvolver um método de seleção do sexo de espermatozoides bovinos por centrifugação em gradiente de densidade de Percoll. Utilizou-se sêmen congelado de touros mantidos em regime de colheita de sêmen. A fração de espermatozoides X ou Y foi separada por centrifugação em treze diferentes gradientes de densidade de Percoll formados por 1 a 12 camadas com densidades que variaram de 1,004 g/mL a 1,123 g/mL. As soluções com diferentes densidades foram preparadas misturando-se, em proporções diferentes, meio de cultura Hank's e uma solução estoque composta de NaCl 1,5 M e Percoll (1:9, v/v). Sobre cada gradiente foi colocado um total de 50 × 10 6 espermatozoides descongelados em 0,7 mL de meio Hank's e centrifugados a 250 X g por 30 minutos, em rotor horizontal, a 25°C. Os espermatozoides das frações superior e inferior foram tratados com Quinacrina Mustarda e analisados (200 deles) quanto à presença do corpúsculo-F. Dos espermatozoides encontrados no sedimento de dois gradientes, compostos de 8 e 12 frações com densidades variando entre 1,050 a 1,120 g/mL e 1,044 a 1,123 g/mL, respectivamente, visualizaram-se 25% com corpúsculo-F e os 75% restantes prováveis portadores do cromossomo X. O aumento na porcentagem de espermatozoides X após a centrifugação em gradiente de densidade permitirá que esse método de sexagem seja usado em larga escala na produção comercial de carne e leite bem como no teste de progênie. Palavras-chave: Bos taurus, seleção do sexo, sêmenSex selection in bovine spermatozoa by using Percoll discontinuos density gradient centrifugation ABSTRACT -The objective of this work was to develop a bovine spermatozoid sex selection method by using Percoll density gradient centrifugation. It was used frozen semen of bulls kept in semen collection regime. Fraction X or Y was separated by centrifugation in three different Percoll density gradient formed by 1 to 12 layers with densities varying from 1.004 g/mL to 1.123 g/mL. Solutions with different densities were prepared by mixing, at different proportions, Hank's culture medium and a stock solution composed of NaCl 1.5 M and Percoll (1:9, v/v). On each gradient, it was put 50 × 10 6 spermatozoids thawed in Hank's medium and centrifuged at 250 X g for 30 min in a horizontal rotor, at 25°C. The spermatozoids in the superior and inferior fractions were treated with Mustard Quinacrine and analyzed (200 spermatozoids) for the presence of F-body. Of the spermatozoids found in the sediment of the two gradients, composed of 8 and 12fractions with densities varying from 1.050 to 1.120 g/mL and 1.044 to 1.123 g/mL, respectively, it was identified 25%with the F-body and the other 75% were probably X chromosome-bearing spermatozoids. Increase in percentage of the X-spermatozoid after density gradient centrifugation will allow this system of spermatozoid sexing to be used in large scale in commercial production of meat and milk as well as for progeny tests in bovines. IntroduçãoA sexagem de espermatozoides tem valor econômico signifi...

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Pregnancy Rates in Lactating Holstein–Friesian Cows after Artificial Insemination with Sexed Sperm

Cited by 57 publications

References 8 publications

The extent of increase in first calving age as a result of implementing various sexed semen breeding strategies

The extent of increase in first calving age as a result of implementing various sexed semen breeding strategies

Effect of widespread and limited use of sexed semen on genetic progress and reproductive performance of dairy cows

Sexagem de espermatozoides bovinos por centrifugação em gradiente descontínuo de densidade de Percoll

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