Pregnancy rates in heifers and cows with cryopreserved sexed sperm: Effects of sperm numbers per inseminate, sorting pressure and sperm storage before sorting

Schenk, J.L.; Cran, D. G.; Everett, R.W.; Seidel, G. E.

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.08.016

Cited by 114 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Attempts to minimise any adverse effects of the laser excitation on spermatozoa and to reduce the intensity from 150 mW to as low as 25 mW failed to improve fertility after AI in heifers (Schenk & Seidel 2007) and after porcine embryo production (Guthrie et al 2002). However, a positive effect on fertility was shown when the hydrodynamic pressure of the droplet stream was reduced from 50 to 40 psi (Schenk & Seidel 2007, Schenk et al 2009). Moreover, smaller technical adaptations of the general flow system such as reduced photomultiplier signal noise (Sharpe & Evans 2009) and faster digital computing have also been implemented to improve the efficiency of sorting (Beckman-Coulter, MoFlo XDP, Krefeld, Germany).…”

Section: Sex Sorting Of Spermatozoa By Flow Cytometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex selection of sperm in farm animals: status report and developmental prospects

Rath¹,

Barcikowski²,

Graaf³

et al. 2013

Reproduction

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Pre-selection of spermatozoa based on the relative DNA difference between X-and Y-chromosome bearing populations by flow cytometry is an established method that has been introduced into commercial cattle production. Although several important improvements have increased the sort efficiency, the fertilising ability of sexed spermatozoa based on offspring per insemination is still behind farmers' expectations. The main stress factors, especially on mitochondria, that reduce the lifespan of spermatozoa are described, and new technical as well as biological solutions to maintain the natural sperm integrity and to increase the sorting efficiency are discussed. Among these methods are the identification of Y-chromosome bearing spermatozoa by bi-functionalised gold nanoparticles and triplex hybridisation in vivo as well as new laser-controlled deflection system that replaces the deflection of spermatozoa in the electrostatic field. Additionally, as well as a new nonsurgical transfer system of spermatozoa into the oviduct of cows has been developed and allows a significant reduction of spermatozoa per transfer. Altogether, the improvements made in the recent years will allow a broader use of sex-sorted spermatozoa even in those species that require more cells than cows and sheep.Reproduction (2013) 145 R15-R30

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Section: Sex Sorting Of Spermatozoa By Flow Cytometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex selection of sperm in farm animals: status report and developmental prospects

Rath¹,

Barcikowski²,

Graaf³

et al. 2013

Reproduction

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“…Comparing the efficiency of embryo sexing versus sperm sexing method, recent publications report worse results with sexed sperm compared to unsexed sperm, when X chromosome-bearing fractions of sorted sperm were used for IVF (Blondin et al, 2009), for insemination (Schenk et al, 2009) and in multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) programs (Hayakawa et al, 2009;Peippo et al, 2009). The use of low-dose X-sorted spermatozoa for the insemination of superovulated embryo donors can improve the proportion of transferable female embryos produced but this potential may be not realised in commercial bovine practice, due to reduced fertilization rates using X-sorted spermatozoa (Peippo et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, recent results show that the capacitation of sorted freezethawed fractions of sperm and the developmental capacity of IVP embryos with desired sex is very low (Zhang et al, 2005;Katska-Ksiazkiewicz et al, 2006;Blondin et al, 2009). The pregnancy rates with low doses of sexed sperm drop about 10-40% compared to conventional doses of unsexed sperm (Andersson et al, 2006;Schenk et al, 2006Schenk et al, , 2009Seidel Jr., 2007;DeJarnette et al, 2009). In superovulation programs, the numbers of recovered transferable embryos were significantly higher when donors were inseminated with the unsexed sperm than with the sexed inseminates (Sartori et al, 2004;Schenk et al, 2006;Hayakawa et al, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

Conception rate after sex determination and cryopreservation of D7 bovine embryos:

Lopatářová¹,

Čech²,

Krontorád³

et al. 2010

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to evaluate conception rate after sex determination and subsequent freezing of Day 7 (D 7 ) bovine embryos and to compare it with transfer of fresh female embryos. High quality embryos obtained from superovulated donors were biopsied and the embryonic cells (5-10) were analysed by PCR using specific primers for the Y-chromosome determinant. Fresh embryos were blade biopsied (n = 172) and subsequently transferred (ET) ipsilaterally to synchronized recipients. Selected embryos (n = 112) were biopsied by cell aspiration and cryopreserved for later transfer. Sex determination was successfully completed in 91.3% of fresh group embryos (44% female) and in 87.5% of freeze-thawed group embryos (45.9% female). The achieved pregnancy rate was 56.5% after fresh transfer of sexed (female) embryos whereas intact embryos (control 1) implanted in 61.9% recipients. 95.6% (43/45) of embryos survived biopsy and cryopreservation. After transfer of freeze-thawed sexed (female) embryos, pregnancy was established in 48.8% of recipients. A similar conception rate was found in intact embryos (50.7%, control 2). The results clearly demonstrate that the microsurgical technique used and subsequent PCR sex analysis allow the rapid commercial exchange of genetic resources on the basis of fresh or frozen sex-desired embryos in embryo transfer programs.

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“…Crichton et al (2006) showed that the CR of sexed and unsexed semen at first insemination was 40% and 56%, respectively. Schenk et al (2009) reported that lactating dairy cows resulted in similar pregnancy rates for 2 3 10 6 sexed sperm in 0.25 ml straws (25.0%, n 5 708) and 0.5 ml straws (24.4%, n 5 776), but lower (P , 0.05) than unsexed control sperm (37.7%, n 5 713). In addition, they stated that the CR of sexed semen for heifers varied between 34% and 42% relative to pressures for sorting sperm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effect of widespread and limited use of sexed semen on genetic progress and reproductive performance of dairy cows

Khalajzadeh

Nejati‐Javaremi

Yeganeh

2012

Animal

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Stochastic simulation was used for studying the impacts of sexed semen on genetic progress and reproductive performance of dairy cows. Three strategies were compared: WSS (use unsexed semen in cows and heifers), SSH (use sexed semen in heifers and unsexed semen in cows) and SSCH (use sexed semen in both cows and heifers). Conception rate (CR) of unsexed semen was considered to be 35% and 65% in cows and heifers, respectively. CR of sexed semen was considered to be 15 (20% in cows and 50% in heifers), 10, 5 and 0 percentage points lower than unsexed semen. Thus, four subschemes were compared under SSCH (SSCH15, SSCH10, SSCH5, SSCH0) and SSH (SSH15, SSH10, SSH5, SSH0). Moreover, the effect was studied in four distinct paths of selection: active sires (AS), young bulls (YB), bull dams (BD) and milking cows (CW). The average genetic superiority of CW was 12% and 9.5% in SSCH15 and SSH15 strategies relative to a base scheme, respectively. The average genetic superiority of CW was 19% and 10.5% in SSCH0 and SSH0, respectively. Regression analysis showed that genetic superiority of CW increased significantly, that is, 0.5% and 0.1% per every 1% increase in CR in SSCH and SSH, respectively. The result showed that there is a significant difference between genetic superiority of cows in SSCH and SSH schemes. Widespread and limited use of sexed semen in commercial dairy herds resulted in a large genetic advantage in CW. The genetic advantage of gender control was minimal in the selection paths of AS, YB and BD. Open days and services per conception reached to 153 v. 125 days and 5 v. 2.86 under SSCH15 compared with WSS. The age at first calving increased from 774 to 790 days in SSH15 and SSCH15 strategies. Mean of parities decreased to 2.26 v. 2.42 by using sexed semen. The widespread use of sexed semen increased the age average of cows in all parities. Sexed semen increased selection intensity in the CW path, and this contributed to the genetic merit of future cows. On the other hand, sexed semen had a negative effect on the reproductive performance of dairy cows. Generally, although the effect of widespread use of sexed semen (SSCH) on genetic progress is significantly more than limited use of sexed semen (SSH), SSCH decreased reproductive performance of dairy herds dramatically, and this suggests that SSH scenarios might be more appropriate in animal breeding programs. Finally, to make a decision of which schemes are more convenient, it is necessary to compare the economic aspects of schemes.Keywords: sexed semen, selection, progeny test, open days, dairy cow Implications Sexed semen might increase the genetic progress of dairy cows by enhancing selection intensity. Sexed semen decreases the reproductive performance of dairy herds owing to low fertility. Reduction in reproductive performance has a negative effect on genetic progress by increasing generation interval and reducing newborn calves. Previous researchers have not considered these positive and negative effects of sexed semen simultaneously in a stochastic simu...

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Pregnancy rates in heifers and cows with cryopreserved sexed sperm: Effects of sperm numbers per inseminate, sorting pressure and sperm storage before sorting

Cited by 114 publications

References 13 publications

Sex selection of sperm in farm animals: status report and developmental prospects

Sex selection of sperm in farm animals: status report and developmental prospects

Conception rate after sex determination and cryopreservation of D7 bovine embryos:

Effect of widespread and limited use of sexed semen on genetic progress and reproductive performance of dairy cows

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