Pregnancy rates at Days 2 and 14 and estimated embryonic loss rates prior to day 14 in normal and subfertile mares

Ball, Barry A.; Little, T.V.; Hillman, Robert B.; Woods, G.L.

doi:10.1016/0093-691x(86)90168-8

Cited by 91 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Explants from postovulatory-stage mares were recovered within 18 h of ovulation, and explants from diestrous mares were recovered 7 days after ovulation. Oviducts were surgically removed from the side ipsilateral to the follicle or ovulation site as previously described [25].…”

Section: Preparation Of Explantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Equine Spermatozoa with Oviduct Epithelial Cell Explants is Affected by Estrous Cycle and Anatomic Origin of Explant1

Thomas

Ball

Brinsko

1994

Biology of Reproduction

100

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Regulation of attachment of equine spermatozoa to homologous oviduct epithelium was investigated by co-culture of spermatozoa with oviductal epithelial cell explants. Stallion spermatozoa were incubated with explants derived from the isthmus and ampulla of follicular, postovulatory, and diestrous mares. Steroid treatments (estradiol, progesterone, or control) were applied across all explant groups. Estimates of motility and total numbers of attached spermatozoa were made 0.5, 24, and 48 h after initiation of co-culture. Equine spermatozoa attached by their rostral acrosomal region to both ciliated and nonciliated oviduct epithelial cells. Steroid treatment had no effect on either motility or total number of attached spermatozoa. Motility of spermatozoa attached to ampullar and isthmic explants did not differ. However, at both 24 h and 48 h, motility of spermatozoa attached to follicular-stage explants exceeded that of spermatozoa attached to postovulatory or diestrous-stage explants (p < 0.05). The number of spermatozoa that bound to explants was affected by stage of cycle, anatomic origin of explant, and time in co-culture (p < 0.001), as well as the interaction of cycle stage, anatomic origin, and time in co-culture (p < 0.001). More spermatozoa bound to explants of isthmic than ampullar origin, and more spermatozoa bound to follicular and postovulatory explants than to diestrous explants (p < 0.05). These data support the existence of a spermatozoal reservoir in the oviductal isthmus of the mare and suggest that there may be cycle stage-specific regulation of both motility and the number of spermatozoa attached to oviductal epithelium.

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Section: Preparation Of Explantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Equine Spermatozoa with Oviduct Epithelial Cell Explants is Affected by Estrous Cycle and Anatomic Origin of Explant1

Thomas

Ball

Brinsko

1994

Biology of Reproduction

100

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“…Monolayers derived from the isthmus of the oviduct of one mare were used for all experiments. On the second day following ovulation, the oviduct was recovered surgically from the side ipsilateral to the follicle as described previously [Ball et al, 1986]. The oviduct was divided longitudinally with fine iridectomy scissors, and the isthmus and ampulla were segregated on the basis of characteristic morphology.…”

Section: Preparation Of Monolayersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes Associated with Induced Capacitation Influence the Interaction between Equine Spermatozoa and Oviduct Epithelial Cell Monolayers1

Thomas¹,

Ball²,

Brinsko

1995

Biology of Reproduction

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Ejaculated equine spermatozoa bind to oviductal epithelial cells in the isthmus of the mare to form an oviductal reservoir. Two experiments were designed to test whether or not release from the isthmic reservoir was associated with capacitation of spermatozoa. In the first experiment, stallion semen was washed in modified Tyrode's solution (TALP) and divided among the following treatments: 1) TALP control for 2 h, 2) TALP with heparin for 2 h, or 3) TALP followed by exposure to calcium ionophore. Spermatozoa from each treatment were overlaid on oviduct epithelial cell (OEC) monolayers. Unbound spermatozoa were aspirated 30 min after insemination. Washed spermatozoa (time = 1), postincubation spermatozoa (t = 2), and unbound spermatozoa (t = 3) were examined for total numbers of spermatozoa, progressive motility, viability, and acrosomal status. The proportion of motile, viable, and acrosome-intact sperm decreased over time within each treatment (p < 0.05), although treatment did not affect motility, viability, or acrosomal status. Fewer spermatozoa pretreated with heparin or ionophore attached to monolayers than did controls (p < 0.05).In a second experiment the following treatments were added to established spermatozoa-OEC cocultures: 1) TALP control, 2) heparin, 3) estradiol, or 4) estradiol plus heparin. Incubation was then performed for 2 h. A fifth treatment consisted of incubation in TALP followed by exposure to ionophore. Released spermatozoa were examined for progressive motility, viability, acrosomal status, and evidence of capacitation. Treatment did not affect the proportion of released spermatozoa that were motile, viable, acrosome intact, or capacitated. More spermatozoa were released from cocultures treated with heparin plus estradiol than from controls (p < 0.05).These results indicate that exposure of stallion spermatozoa to capacitating treatments renders them less able to bind to OEC monolayers, and that capacitating treatments may induce release of bound spermatozoa.

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“…Using transrectal ultrasonography after mating, and studying subsequent parturition rates, Gómez-Nieto et al (2011) stated that 13.0 % (6/46) of captive red deer ( Cervus elaphus ) most likely had experienced embryonic mortality. Embryonic mortality and lack of fertilization of oocytes are well-known occurrences in domestic species, e.g., cattle (Diskin et al 2011; Hanly 1961; King 1991), sheep (Cognie et al 1975; Dutt and Simpson 1957; Vázquez et al 2009; Viñoles et al 2012), goats (Armstrong and Evans 1983; Gonz et al 2004; Shelton 1978), pigs (Dziuk 1968; Geisert et al 2007; Soede et al 1994), and horses (Ball et al 1986; Dippert et al 1994; Newcombe and Cuervo-Arango 2011), and underlying causes of may be infectious (bacteria, virus, parasites, fungi) or of genetic, endocrine, and environmental origin (Diskin et al 2011). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive failure in moose (Alces alces) due to embryonic mortality and unfertilized oocytes

Malmsten

Dalin

2013

Acta Theriol

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Knowledge on reproductive success is vital for successful management of large ungulates and is often measured by means of observing surviving offspring. In harvested ungulates, postmortem investigations of reproductive organs are used to estimate reproductive potential by obtaining ovulation rates and fetus numbers. However, there are differences in numbers of offspring observed, fetal/embryo counts, and ovulation rates. We hypothesize that the discrepancy between estimated reproductive potential and reproductive outcome in large ungulates is not only due to ova loss but also due to embryonic mortality. We investigated reproductive status in early pregnancy by sampling hunter-harvested moose (Alces alces) in southern Sweden from 2007 to 2011. In all, 213 reproductive organs were examined postmortem, and in confirmed pregnant moose (n = 53), 25 % (19 of 76) embryos were nonviable and 6 % of ova was unfertilized. The discrepancy between the ovulation rate of all pregnant moose (1.49) and the number of expected offspring per pregnant female, when embryonic mortality and unfertilized oocytes were accounted for (1.08), was 27.5 %. An association between inflammation of the inner mucous membrane (endometritis) of the moose's uterus and embryonic mortality was observed. This is the first comprehensive report of embryonic mortality and endometritis in moose. The observed discrepancy between ovulation rates and early embryonic development/survival shows that ovulation rates are indicative but not accurate estimates of moose reproductive rate. The use of ovulation rates as a sole estimator of future offspring rates may lead to an overharvest of a managed moose population.

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Pregnancy rates at Days 2 and 14 and estimated embryonic loss rates prior to day 14 in normal and subfertile mares

Cited by 91 publications

References 7 publications

Interaction of Equine Spermatozoa with Oviduct Epithelial Cell Explants is Affected by Estrous Cycle and Anatomic Origin of Explant1

Interaction of Equine Spermatozoa with Oviduct Epithelial Cell Explants is Affected by Estrous Cycle and Anatomic Origin of Explant1

Changes Associated with Induced Capacitation Influence the Interaction between Equine Spermatozoa and Oviduct Epithelial Cell Monolayers1

Reproductive failure in moose (Alces alces) due to embryonic mortality and unfertilized oocytes

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