Pregnancy Outcomes and Maternal-Fetal Conditions in Patients with Autoimmune Diseases: A three-Year Prospective Study

Abstract

Background Autoimmune disease is a nonnegligible factor of adverse pregnancy events. Our research aims to analyze the pregnancy outcomes and maternal-fetal conditions of patients diagnosed with AID, providing a comprehensive theoretical basis for clinical work. Methods 90 pregnant women with autoimmune diseases who visited our hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were included as the observation group, 100 pregnant women without autoimmune diseases were enrolled as the control group during the same period. Clinical data were prospectively collected and analyzed. Results 1. Totally 190 patients were included, the average age of the patients was 30.29 ± 3.68 years (ranging from 23 to 43), the average duration was 1.84 ± 2.81 years (varied from 0.5 to 20 years). 2. There were no significant differences in age, gravidity, and BMI distribution among both groups, while there were significant differences in parity, number of mis-carriage, duration of disease, times of hospitalization during pregnancy, clinical symptoms and bishop cervical score at admission, statistically. The parity and cervical score at admission in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The number of mis-carriage, the times of hospitalization during pregnancy and the positive clinical symptoms were significantly higher than those in the control group. 3. There were 185 live births (97%). The preterm birth rate of the observation group was 18.89% and the full-term birth rate was 77.78%, compared to 2% and 96% of the control group, with significant differences. Weight distribution of fetuses in the study was statistically different, However, here was no difference in sex distribution. 4. The assisted pregnancy of the observation group was higher, while the premature rupture rate of fetal membrane was lower than that of the control group. Incidence of hemorrhage, infection and fetal distress in utero were also statistically different between the two groups. 5. Age, gravidity, parity, duration of disease, delivery mode, pregnancy complications were all related to the outcome of pregnancy. The incidence of miscarriage, asphyxia in neonates and complications during pregnancy in the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Conclusion Pregnancy with autoimmune diseases leads to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Standardized management and multi-disciplinary cooperation are of great significance to improve maternal and fetal prognosis.