Pregnancy loss in heifers after artificial insemination with frozen-thawed, sex-sorted, re-frozen-thawed dairy bull sperm

Underwood, S.L.; Bathgate, R.; Ebsworth, M.; Maxwell, W.M.C.; Evans, G.

doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.06.004

Cited by 56 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These changes are reflected in reduced fertility rates and higher incidence of pregnancy loss after artificial insemination (pig (Bathgate et al 2008) and bull (Underwood et al 2009a(Underwood et al , 2009b). However, in this regard, the ram appears to be the exception to the rule as sex-sorting did not reduce fertility of ram spermatozoa when it was used for intrauterine insemination (de Graaf et al 2009).…”

Section: Sex-sortingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sperm surface changes and physiological consequences induced by sperm handling and storage

2011

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Spermatozoa interact with their immediate environment and this contact remodels the sperm surface in preparation for fertilisation. These fundamental membrane changes will be critically covered in this review with special emphasis on the very specific surface destabilisation event, capacitation. This process involves very subtle and intricate modifications of the sperm membrane including removal of suppression (decapacitation) factors and changes in the lateral organisation of the proteins and lipids of the sperm surface. Processing of sperm for assisted reproduction (storage, sex-sorting, etc.) subjects spermatozoa to numerous stressors, and it is possible that this processing overrides such delicate processes resulting in sperm instability and cell damage. To improve sperm quality, novel mechanisms must be used to stabilise the sperm surface during handling. In this review, different types of membrane stress are considered, as well as novel surface manipulation methods to improve sperm stability.

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Section: Sex-sortingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sperm surface changes and physiological consequences induced by sperm handling and storage

2011

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“…Reverse sorted re-frozen bull spermatozoa display poorer motility and viability in vitro, particularly after incubation, when compared R24 D Rath and others with frozen-thawed controls (Underwood et al 2009b). While pre-sexed calves have been born following AI of frozen-sorted-refrozen bull spermatozoa, fertility is very low (Underwood et al 2010b) and characterised by pregnancy loss (Underwood et al 2010a). Greater success has been achieved with the use of frozen-sorted-refrozen bull spermatozoa in IVP systems where cleavage and blastocyst production have been comparable to that obtained with sex-sorted frozen spermatozoa and non-sorted frozen controls (Underwood et al 2010c).…”

Section: Reverse Sortingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex selection of sperm in farm animals: status report and developmental prospects

Rath¹,

Barcikowski²,

Graaf³

et al. 2013

Reproduction

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Pre-selection of spermatozoa based on the relative DNA difference between X-and Y-chromosome bearing populations by flow cytometry is an established method that has been introduced into commercial cattle production. Although several important improvements have increased the sort efficiency, the fertilising ability of sexed spermatozoa based on offspring per insemination is still behind farmers' expectations. The main stress factors, especially on mitochondria, that reduce the lifespan of spermatozoa are described, and new technical as well as biological solutions to maintain the natural sperm integrity and to increase the sorting efficiency are discussed. Among these methods are the identification of Y-chromosome bearing spermatozoa by bi-functionalised gold nanoparticles and triplex hybridisation in vivo as well as new laser-controlled deflection system that replaces the deflection of spermatozoa in the electrostatic field. Additionally, as well as a new nonsurgical transfer system of spermatozoa into the oviduct of cows has been developed and allows a significant reduction of spermatozoa per transfer. Altogether, the improvements made in the recent years will allow a broader use of sex-sorted spermatozoa even in those species that require more cells than cows and sheep.Reproduction (2013) 145 R15-R30

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“…Thus the likelihood of achieving adequate numbers of sexed spermatozoa for conventional equine AI with flow cytometry alone is low. Furthermore, the flow cytometric technique is not applicable to all males and there appears to be a difference in "sortability" between individuals [32,34]. The latter authors attributed this variation in "sortability" to the number of dead spermatozoa present in the sample.…”

Section: Sexing Spermatozoamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetics in Action: Practical Applications of Single Layer Centrifugation for equine breeding

Jm¹

2011

J Veterinar Sci Technolo

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Single Layer Centrifugation (SLC) of spermatozoa through a species-specific colloid has been shown to be effective in selecting the best spermatozoa from stallion semen. The method is easier to use and less time-consuming than density gradient centrifugation (DGC), and has been scaled-up to allow whole ejaculates to be processed in a practical manner. The major applications for SLC-sperm selection are as follows: to improve sperm quality in artificial insemination (AI) doses, particularly for "problem" stallions; to increase the "shelf-life" of normal sperm samples, either by processing the fresh semen before preparing AI doses, or by processing the stored semen dose to extract the best spermatozoa; to circumvent the problem of spermatozoa that do not tolerate cooling to 4-6°C; to improve cryosurvival by removing dead and dying spermatozoa prior to cryopreservation, or selecting the live spermatozoa post-thawing; to select morphologically normal spermatozoa with intact chromatin from sub-fertile stallion semen for ICSI, thus increasing the number of blastocysts; to remove pathogens (viruses, bacteria); to accelerate the process of flow cytometric sex selection by removing the dead and dying sperm before passage through the laser beam; to conserve rare breeds. These applications are discussed and practical examples provided.

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Pregnancy loss in heifers after artificial insemination with frozen-thawed, sex-sorted, re-frozen-thawed dairy bull sperm

Cited by 56 publications

References 31 publications

Sperm surface changes and physiological consequences induced by sperm handling and storage

Sperm surface changes and physiological consequences induced by sperm handling and storage

Sex selection of sperm in farm animals: status report and developmental prospects

Biomimetics in Action: Practical Applications of Single Layer Centrifugation for equine breeding

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