Pregnancy does not affect fecal calprotectin concentration in healthy women

Bálint, Anita; Berényi, Anna; Farkas, Klaudia; Kunstár, É.; Altorjay, Ábel Tamás; Csonka, Andrea; Krizsán, Mária; Szűcs, Mónika; Pál, Attila; Fábián, Anna; Bor, Renáta; Milassin, Ágnes; Szulcsán, Ádám; Rutka, Mariann; Szepes, Zoltán; Molnár, Tamás

doi:10.5152/tjg.2017.16711

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Similar results in a small group of patients have been published in abstract form by Koslowsky et al [35] and, earlier, with fecal calprotectin by Julsgaard [36]. Bálint et al [37] also did not find significant differences in fecal calprotectin concentrations between pregnant and nonpregnant healthy women.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Fecal Lactoferrin and Other Stool Markers during Normal Pregnancy and in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Prospective Study and Review of the Literature

et al. 2020

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Introduction: Management of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs)-both Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC)-during pregnancy can be challenging since most monitoring tools available in nonpregnant patients are contraindicated. Objectives: The aim of the study was to test whether fecal inflammatory markers-specifically fecal lactoferrinphysiologically change during normal pregnancy as a prerequisite to use them to monitor IBD activity during pregnancy. Methods: Fecal lactoferrin was tested in healthy pregnant and nonpregnant women from the same geographic area and age range (18-40 years)-all negative for clinical gastrointestinal tract inflammation. A retrospective review of fecal lactoferrin levels contrasted with the Simple Endoscopic Score for CD, and the Disease Activity Index for UC was also performed in women with active IBDs within the same age range and geographical area. Results: In 30 nonpregnant subjects, fecal lactoferrin levels were 0.87 ± 1.08 μg/g. In 49 pregnant subjects, levels were 0.59 ± 0.83, 0.87 ± 1.13, and 0.85 ± 1.06 μg/g during the first, second, and third trimester, respectively (p = 0.64), with average levels for the 3 trimesters of 0.81 ± 1.04 μg/g (p = 0.61 compared to nonpregnant subjects). Sequential fecal lactoferrin levels (n = 26) did not differ from one trimester to the other in the individual subjects (p = 0.80). In 45 female IBD patients (27 with CD and 18 with UC), fecal lactoferrin levels were correlated with disease activity as defined by the endoscopic scores: 218, 688, and 1,175 μg/g for CD and 931, 2,088, and 2,509 μg/g for UC, respectively, for mild, moderate, and severe activity. Conclusions: Fecal lactoferrin levels during normal pregnancy are superimposable to those of nonpregnant women and significantly below levels in women of the same childbearing age with active IBDs. Additional published data-reviewed in this atricle-and our own indicate that fecal lactoferrin and other markers can be potentially used to monitor disease activity in pregnant IBD patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Fecal Lactoferrin and Other Stool Markers during Normal Pregnancy and in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Prospective Study and Review of the Literature

et al. 2020

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“…The observed increase in calprotectin in newborns at age seven days and in mothers whose BMI increase was greater than 5.7 and body mass increase was greater than 18 kg is consistent with predictions. Calprotectin is considered to be a marker of obesity and metabolic disorders both in adults [83] and in children [84], although pregnancy alone does not affect calprotectin concentrations in maternal stool [85]. However, increased BMI may be associated with the occurrence of inflammation during pregnancy, which may also translate into the occurrence of inflammation in newborns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Maternal-Foetal Parameters on Concentrations of Zonulin and Calprotectin in the Blood and Stool of Healthy Newborns during the First Seven Days of Life. An Observational Prospective Cohort Study

Łoniewska

Węgrzyn

Adamek

et al. 2019

JCM

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Background: It can be hypothetically assumed that maternal and perinatal factors influence the intestinal barrier. Methods: The study was conducted with 100 healthy, full-term newborns breastfed in the first week of life, with similar analyses for their mothers. Zonulin and calprotectin levels were used as intestinal permeability markers. Results: The median (range) zonulin concentrations (ng/mL) were in mothers: serum, 21.39 (6.39–57.54); stool, 82.23 (42.52–225.74); and newborns: serum cord blood, 11.14 (5.82–52.34); meconium, 54.15 (1.36–700.65); and stool at age seven days, 114.41 (29.38–593.72). Calprotectin median (range) concentrations (µg/mL) in mothers were: stool, 74.79 (3.89–211.77); and newborns: meconium, 154.76 (6.93–8884.11); and stool at age seven days 139.12 (11.89–627.35). The use of antibiotics during pregnancy resulted in higher zonulin concentrations in umbilical-cord serum and calprotectin concentrations in newborn stool at seven days, while antibiotic therapy during labour resulted in higher zonulin concentrations in the stool of newborns at seven days. Zonulin concentrations in the stool of newborns (at seven days) who were born via caesarean section were higher compared to with vaginal birth. With further analyses, caesarean section was found to have a greater effect on zonulin concentrations than prophylactic administration of antibiotics in the perinatal period. Pregnancy mass gain >18 kg was associated with higher calprotectin concentrations in maternal stool. Body Mass Index (BMI) increase >5.7 during pregnancy was associated with decreased zonulin concentrations in maternal stool and increased calprotectin concentrations in stool of mothers and newborns at seven days. There was also a negative correlation between higher BMI increase in pregnancy and maternal zonulin stool concentrations and a positive correlation between BMI increase in pregnancy and maternal calprotectin stool concentrations. Conclusion: Maternal-foetal factors such as caesarean section, antibiotic therapy during pregnancy, as well as change in mother’s BMI during pregnancy may increase intestinal permeability in newborns. Changes in body mass during pregnancy can also affect intestinal permeability in mothers. However, health consequences associated with increased intestinal permeability during the first days of life are unknown. Additionally, before the zonulin and calprotectin tests can be adopted as universal diagnostic applications to assess increased intestinal permeability, validation of these tests is necessary.

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“…To evaluate the utility of FCP as marker for active IBD disease during pregnancy, the effects of normal pregnancy on FCP need to be established. A recent prospective study involving 135 patients compared the concentrations of FCP in healthy non-pregnant and pregnant women and in patients with inflammatory bowel disease[ 29 ]. Stool samples were taken during each trimester, and there were no significant difference ( P < 0.092) between FCP concentrations during each trimester.…”

Section: Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring inflammatory bowel disease during pregnancy: Current literature and future challenges

Choden

Mandaliya

Charabaty

et al. 2018

WJGPT

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Inflammatory bowel disease has a high prevalence in women of childbearing age and can have a significant impact on pregnancy, from conceiving to carrying the pregnancy. Active disease during pregnancy is known to have negative effects on pregnancy outcomes; therefore, careful monitoring during this period is an important but challenging aspect of care and is crucial as it affects important management decisions. Recent data seems to suggest that endoscopy is a relatively safe procedure during all trimesters of pregnancy. Serum biomarkers such as C-reactive protein and fecal calprotectin are helpful non-invasive markers, but have shown conflicting results for correlation with disease activity in some initial studies. Further work is necessary to establish standard of care monitoring during pregnancy.

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Pregnancy does not affect fecal calprotectin concentration in healthy women

Cited by 23 publications

References 6 publications

Fecal Lactoferrin and Other Stool Markers during Normal Pregnancy and in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Prospective Study and Review of the Literature

Fecal Lactoferrin and Other Stool Markers during Normal Pregnancy and in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Prospective Study and Review of the Literature

The Influence of Maternal-Foetal Parameters on Concentrations of Zonulin and Calprotectin in the Blood and Stool of Healthy Newborns during the First Seven Days of Life. An Observational Prospective Cohort Study

Monitoring inflammatory bowel disease during pregnancy: Current literature and future challenges

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