Pregnancy diagnosis in the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) by salivary hormone analysis

Czekala, N. M.; Callison, L.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2361(1996)15:1<37::aid-zoo4>3.3.co;2-l

Cited by 2 publications

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“…These non-invasive methods of collecting cortisol samples are preferred to blood samples as the latter increase cortisol levels (Francis et al 1987;Creel 2001). Saliva collection has already been used in a few species: dogs (Beerda et al 1996), black rhinoceros (Czekala and Callison 1996), and western lowland gorillas (Kuhar et al 2005), as well as in humans (Francis et al 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of giving birth on the cortisol level in a bonobo groups’ (Pan paniscus) saliva

et al. 2009

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This study documents the cortisol levels in the saliva of a bonobo group, especially that of a bonobo female which had given birth for the first time. During a long study in Zoological Garden Frankfurt, Germany, a bonobo baby was born on 3 August 2007. Due to the fission-fusion keeping system employed, the bonobos were divided into two groups on this day. Their behavior was observed regularly and saliva was also collected. The bonobos had been trained to chew cotton wool and to give back the samples. The cortisol response was tested twice a day before birth and three times on the day of parturition. Before birth, no observable indication behavior was seen, but an increase in the cortisol concentration of the expectant mother was found. Parturition occurred at 8 pm. The next morning, the group with the newborn was visibly more active, which correlated with the fact that their cortisol levels were increased in the morning in comparison to the second group. During the day, cortisol decreased in both groups, only it was higher throughout the day in the new mother. In the evening, the two groups showed nearly the same cortisol levels. These data indicate that there is indeed a relation between observable behavior and the cortisol level in bonobo saliva. Therefore, the cortisol level can be regarded as a suitable indicator for verifying behavioral events.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of giving birth on the cortisol level in a bonobo groups’ (Pan paniscus) saliva

et al. 2009

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“…17 In contrast, fecal estrogens remain low until 5 mo before calving, with a significant increase 1 mo before parturition. 5 In another study of a pregnant black rhinoceros, fecal progestagen concentrations decreased 2 wk before parturition, and an increase in estrogens was observed 2 mo before calving with elevated estrogen levels peaking the day of parturition. 3 In the white rhinoceros, fecal pregnane levels have been reported to rise until the seventh month of gestation and then remain at similar levels through parturition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Relationship Between Vaginal Electrical Impedence and Hormone Profiles During Pregnancy and Parturition of a White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium Simum Simum)

Bowers

Gandy²,

Paul³

et al. 2005

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

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In this study, an attempt was made to use vaginal electrical impedance to predict calving in a female white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) and to determine the relationship between vaginal electrical impedance and hormonal profiles during pregnancy. The principle behind vaginal electrical impedance is that a change in the ionic balance of vaginal and cervical mucus occurs in response to changes in reproductive hormones. Three times weekly vaginal electrical impedance readings and fecal samples were collected from midgestation to calving (a 6-mo period). The extracted fecal samples were analyzed for immunoreactive estrogens, progestagens, and corticoids by RIA. Vaginal electrical impedance readings did not decrease before calving but remained consistent throughout the last 140 days of pregnancy. Fecal progestagens in the white rhinoceros decreased between day 17 and day 1 before calving, whereas estrogens increased between 4 and 2 mo before calving, with an additional increase occurring 1 mo before calving. Fecal corticoids increased 5 mo before calving, slowly declined, and increased again within 3 wk before calving. A decline in vaginal electrical impedance was noted 168 days before calving and remained at low levels for 4 wk. At the time of this decrease, the female became aggressive toward the male and began lactating. Fecal progestagens and estrogens did not change during this time; however, fecal corticoids increased as vaginal electrical impedance readings returned to normal along with her behavior and cessation of lactation. In summary, the use of vaginal electrical impedance could not predict parturition in the white rhinoceros. However, an anomaly occurred during pregnancy that was supported by vaginal electrical impedance readings, a change in female behavior, premature lactation, and a subsequent increase in fecal corticoids. The etiology of this physiological anomaly is unknown, yet it did not compromise pregnancy.

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Pregnancy diagnosis in the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) by salivary hormone analysis

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of giving birth on the cortisol level in a bonobo groups’ (Pan paniscus) saliva

Effect of giving birth on the cortisol level in a bonobo groups’ (Pan paniscus) saliva

The Relationship Between Vaginal Electrical Impedence and Hormone Profiles During Pregnancy and Parturition of a White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium Simum Simum)

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