Pregnancy diagnosis and fetal number determination

White, I R; Russel, A. J. F.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-408-10134-9.50029-7

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 15 publications

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“…Ultrasound may also often provide information that was previously only available through exploratory laparotomy. Further applications of ultrasound include identifying pregnancy and foetal number determination [21]. Ultrasound also permits foetal sexing [22].…”

Section: Applications Of Ultrasound In Domestic Animal Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in ultrasonography and its applications in domestic ruminants and other farm animals reproduction

Medan

El‐Aty

2010

Journal of Advanced Research

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Ultrasound techniques are becoming increasingly important in animal reproduction, offering both a mean of diagnosis and a useful therapeutic tool. Accordingly, understanding the use of ultrasound technology is critical in contemporary animal sciences, since ultrasound examinations are now a routine component of diagnostic workups in reproduction. Ultrasound technology offers the assessment of pregnancy status and foetal viability early post breeding in order to identify animals that fail to conceive, improving reproductive efficiency; early identification of animals carrying twin foetuses, allowing for the implementation of differential management strategies to avoid the negative effects of twinning on general health of the mother animal and also at parturition; and the visualisation of ovarian and uterine pathologies not accurately detected via rectal palpation, allowing appropriate therapies to be implemented. In addition, determination of foetal sex in utero can be done by ultrasonography. The new information that has been generated through ultrasound has thrown light on therapeutic uses, thereby opening up new areas for research. Moreover, ultrasound-guided interventional techniques can be used for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. In this review, advances and applications of ultrasonography in domestic animal reproduction are reviewed.

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Section: Applications Of Ultrasound In Domestic Animal Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in ultrasonography and its applications in domestic ruminants and other farm animals reproduction

Medan

El‐Aty

2010

Journal of Advanced Research

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Influences on fetal and placental weights during mid to late gestation in prolific ewes well nourished throughout pregnancy

Greenwood¹,

Slepetis²,

Bell³

2000

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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This study investigated associations between fetal and placental weights from 85 to 130 days gestation in 49 fetuses from 21 ewes of a prolific genotype used as an experimental model of intrauterine growth retardation. The proportion of variation in fetal weight explained by placental weight increased from zero at 85 days to 91% (residual standard deviation (RSD) = 260 g) at 130 days. Overall, stage of pregnancy plus placental weight accounted for 96% of fetal weight variation (RSD = 212 g). Litter size and number of fetuses per uterine horn also influnced individual fetal weights. Gestational age, litter size, placental weight per ewe, and liveweight and condition score of ewes during early to mid gestation (initial LW and CS) explained 99.5% of the variation in fetal weight per ewe (RSD = 236 g). Most variation (86%) in placental weight was explained by stage of pregnancy, litter size, number of placentomes, and initial LW and CS (RSD = 53 g). Placental weight per ewe was influenced by stage of pregancy, litter size and initial ewe LW and CS (R 2 = 0.97; RSD = 89 g). The association of fetal and placental weights with initial ewe LW was positive, and with initial CS was negative. The results show that in the absence of overt nutritional restriction of pregnant ewes, fetal and placental weights are tightly coupled during late gestation and ewe fatness during early pregnancy is inversely related to placental and fetal weights. They demonstrate that placental weight explains most of the variation in fetal weight in the present intrauterine growth retardation model.

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Technical report: Prediction of stage of pregnancy in prolific sheep using ultrasound measurement of fetal bones

Greenwood¹,

Slepetis²,

McPhee³

et al. 2002

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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The use of ultrasound to estimate stage of pregnancy was assessed in 32 ewes of a prolific genotype carrying 7 singleton fetuses and 9 twin, 10 triplet and 6 quadruplet litters that were scanned on six occasions from 60 to 120 days of gestation. At least one ultrasound measurement per ewe of fetal metacarpal bone length (MCL), biparietal diameter (BPD), or of both bones was made on over 90% of attempts (n = 152). Measurement of MCL was made on 78% of attempts (n = 371), of BPD on 73% of attempts, and of both bones on 62% of attempts. The equation developed from BPD (mean absolute error (MAE) = 3.2 days) was similar to that developed from measurement of MCL (MAE = 3.3 days) in its capacity to predict stage of pregnancy. Accuracy of prediction was improved using equations that included mean values within litters for BPD (MAE = 2.5 days) and MCL (MAE = 2.6 days). Further improvement in predictive capacity was achieved using multiple regression equations developed from measurement of both bones (individual fetuses: MAE = 2.6 days; equations including mean values within litters: MAE = 2.2 days). The results demonstrate that ultrasound can be used to estimate stage of pregnancy in prolific ewes, and that the use of mean values for bone measurements from different fetuses within litters and/or measurement of bones with different growth allometry can increase the reliability of estimates. The utility of the procedure depends on the number of fetuses measured per ewe, the number of bones measured per fetus and, hence, the time required to measure bones and the degree of accuracy required.

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Pregnancy diagnosis and fetal number determination

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Advances in ultrasonography and its applications in domestic ruminants and other farm animals reproduction

Advances in ultrasonography and its applications in domestic ruminants and other farm animals reproduction

Influences on fetal and placental weights during mid to late gestation in prolific ewes well nourished throughout pregnancy

Technical report: Prediction of stage of pregnancy in prolific sheep using ultrasound measurement of fetal bones

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