Pregnancy, childbirth, and the menopause related to the development of stress incontinence

Beck, R.P.; Hsu, Nora

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(65)90460-6

Cited by 66 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Obesity, chronic cough, race, smoking, and constipation can also contribute to UI [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Many authors have described the role of childbirth as a predisposing factor for urinary incontinence [16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of pregnancy and childbirth on female rats’ urethral nerve fibers

et al. 2007

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This study aims to evaluate the urethral nerve fibers of adult female rats during pregnancy and after vaginal birth, cesarean section or simulated birth trauma. For immunohistochemical analysis of nerve fibers, 70 female rats were distributed in seven groups of ten female rats: group 1, control; group 2, pregnant; group 3, cesarean section; group 4, vaginal birth; group 5, virgin female rats with simulated birth trauma; group 6, cesarean section followed by simulation of birth trauma; and group 7, vaginal birth followed by simulation of birth trauma. The number of nerve fibers in groups 1, 2, and 3 were significantly higher than the other groups. Pregnancy and cesarean section did not cause alterations in the nerve fibers number. Vaginal birth and simulated birth trauma significantly decreased the number of nerve fibers in the female rats' middle urethra.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of pregnancy and childbirth on female rats’ urethral nerve fibers

et al. 2007

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“…Nygaard et al (25) and Jolleys (2) found a higher prevalence with higher parity and Beck & Hsu (32) reported that the incontinence was progressively worse with successive pregnancies. On the other hand, Thomas et al (33) could not demonstrate any differences within parity ranges of 1 to 3.…”

Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 98%

Prevalence and treatment of post partum urinary incontinence

Mørkved¹,

Bø²

2009

Nor J Epidemiol

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SUMMARYChildbirth is often considered the main etiological factor in the development of female urinary incontinence (UI). For that reason women in the western countries have been encouraged to engage in post partum pelvic floor muscle (PFM) exercise in order to strengthen the pelvic floor. However, the effect of post partum PFM exercise has been sparsely documented. The aim of this article is to review and discuss literature related to prevalence of post partum UI and effect of post partum PFM exercise in the treatment of UI. The reported prevalence of UI post partum varies from 0.7% to 44%. The variation may be explained by different definitions of UI used in the questionnaires and that the registration of incontinence was done at different intervals after delivery. A few studies have tried to evaluate the effect of post natal PFM exercise. Some have evaluated PFM strength, others the frequency of UI. PFM strength is difficult to measure and the reliability and validity of the methods used is open to question. Another flaw in some of the previous studies is the training protocol applied to improve PFM strength. Mørkved and Bø tried to take into account the above mentioned methodological considerations, in a study aiming to evaluate the effect of post partum PFM exercise. The results demonstrate that post partum PFM exercise is effective in strengthening the PFM and in the treatment of UI. However, success of PFM exercise is dependent upon both the training frequency and intensity. This requires a closer follow up of the post partum women, than the written information that usually serves this purpose at the present time.

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“…It is also known that urinary symptoms, especially stress incontinence, are common during and after pregnancy and child birth [1,3,5,10,11]. However, there is no total concensus about the influence of parity or delivery on stress incontinence [1,3,5,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The influence of infant birth weight on post partum stress incontinence in obese women

Krue

Jensen

Agger

et al. 1997

Arch Gynecol Obstet

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One hundred ninety four women with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of at least 30 kg/m2 who were delivered vaginally between 01 10 93 and 30 09 95 at the obstetric department, Herning Central Hospital, were sent a postal questionnaire about stress incontinence. The response rate was 89.2%. In the heavy birth weight group (n = 4000 g or more) stress incontinence increased from 10.6% before pregnancy to 34.0% post partum. In the low birth weight group 6.9% suffered from stress incontinence before pregnancy increasing to 30.6% post partum. There was no difference in the reporting of mixed or urge incontinence between the two groups.

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Pregnancy, childbirth, and the menopause related to the development of stress incontinence

Cited by 66 publications

References 9 publications

Impact of pregnancy and childbirth on female rats’ urethral nerve fibers

Impact of pregnancy and childbirth on female rats’ urethral nerve fibers

Prevalence and treatment of post partum urinary incontinence

The influence of infant birth weight on post partum stress incontinence in obese women

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