Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) concentrations in water buffaloes ( Bubalus bubalis ) during gestation and the postpartum period

Barbato, Olimpia; Menchetti, Laura; Sousa, Noelita Melo de; Malfatti, Alessandro; Brecchia, Gabriele; Canali, C.; Beckers, J.F.; Barile, V. L.

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.04.021

Cited by 21 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…As expected, the age of the embryo was positively associated with PAG levels (Patel et al, 1997). Barbato et al (2017) ,PAG4,PAG5,PAG7,PAG10,PAG12,PAG14,PAG15,PAG18,PAG20,PAG21 observed progressively increased PAG expression until d 105 postinsemination, corresponding to the stage of development with greater placental growth in water buffalo (Barbato et al, 2017). As PAG is produced by the trophoblast, embryonic development and fetal growth are accompanied by the growth of placenta and, consequently, the increase of PAG production.…”

Section: Nongenetic Effectssupporting

confidence: 78%

Genetic and nongenetic profiling of milk pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in Holstein cattle

Santos

Cole

Null

et al. 2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG) are secreted by the trophoblast and are detectable in maternal circulation around the time of attachment of the fetal placenta, as well as in blood and milk throughout gestation. The understanding of the genetic mechanisms controlling PAG levels can confer advantages for livestock breeding programs given the precocity and the ease of obtaining this phenotype from routine pregnancy diagnosis. The aim of this study was to characterize PAG levels by estimating genetic parameters and correlations with other dairy traits, and to identify genomic regions and candidate genes associated with PAG levels in milk. The PAG data consisted of pregnancy diagnoses using commercial assays from 2012 to 2017, and genotype data consisted of 54,123 SNP markers for 2,352 individuals (embryos and dams). The model included contemporary group (herd, year, and season) and embryo age as fixed effects, and random embryonic (direct) and maternal (indirect) genetic effects. Using genomic data, the estimated heritability for direct and maternal genetic effects (± standard deviations) were 0.23 ± 0.05 and 0.11 ± 0.05, respectively. The genetic correlation between these effects was almost zero (0.001 ± 0.06). A preliminary analysis revealed low correlations between milk PAG levels and other dairy traits. The genome-wide association analysis was performed using 2 approaches: single-marker and single-step using all markers. Four genomic regions with direct genetic effects were detected on Bos taurus autosome (BTA) 6, BTA7, BTA19, and BTA29 of the embryonic genome. The BTA29 locus was within the bovine PAG gene cluster, suggesting a cis-regulatory quantitative trait locus on the PAG expression. However, other associations, without an obvious link to PAG expression, could be related to the transportation of PAG and their concentration in milk. Only 1 region from the maternal genome, on BTA4, had a significant indirect effect, where WNT2 is a candidate gene related to placenta vascularization and gestation health. Collectively, our results suggest a moderate genetic control of milk PAG levels from both maternal and fetal genomes, but larger studies are needed to fully evaluate the usefulness of milk PAG in the genetic evaluation of fetal growth and cow fertility.

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Section: Nongenetic Effectssupporting

confidence: 78%

Genetic and nongenetic profiling of milk pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in Holstein cattle

Santos

Cole

Null

et al. 2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…In these models, ‘Time’ (days post‐ovulation) was included as a repeated measure with a scaled identity covariance structure while the bitch was included as a subject factor. We first analysed the influence of the physiological state on leptin concentrations with a model that evaluated the effects of ‘Time’ (6 levels: fortnightly sampling from day 0 to 75 post‐ovulation), ‘Physiological state’ (2 levels: P and NP) and interaction ‘Time’ × ‘Physiological state’ (Barbato et al, ; Menchetti, Canali, Castellini, Boiti, & Brecchia, ). Sidak corrections were used for pairwise comparisons.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum concentrations of leptin in pregnant and non‐pregnant bitches

Troisi

Cardinali

Menchetti

et al. 2020

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Leptin regulates body weight and several physiological processes including reproduction. We evaluated the circulating levels of leptin in pregnant and non‐pregnant bitches as well as their correlation with body weight, food intake and number of foetuses. Nineteen healthy German shepherd bitches were used and divided in two groups (pregnant n = 12 and non‐pregnant n = 7). Blood samples were collected every 15 days starting from ovulation (Day 0) throughout pregnancy (pregnant group, P) or throughout luteal phase (non‐pregnant group, NP) In pregnant bitches, leptin concentrations increased from the day of ovulation (1.32 ± 0.06 ng/ml) up to day 45 (1.51 ± 0.06 ng/ml; p < .01) and returned to baseline values from day 60 post‐ovulation. In non‐pregnant bitches, leptin concentrations remained constant throughout the whole observation period (estimated marginal mean ± SE=1.33 ± 0.38 ng/ml). Pairwise comparisons showed significant differences between P and NP at day 45 post‐ovulation (p < .05). Multivariable models indicated that, controlling for time and litter size, there was a positive relationship between leptin concentration and BW (p < .05) although Pearson coefficients showed that the correlation between BW and leptin was only significant in NP animals at day 45 (r = 0.76, p < .05). The multivariable approach also suggested that, holding BW and time constant, leptin concentrations tend to increase as the number of puppies increased (p = .06). Our study supports indirectly the contribution of the feto‐placental unit to the circulating maternal leptin concentration.

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“…The elimination rate constant was calculated from the slope of the line during the postpartum period by linear regression analysis of the semilogarithmic plot of PAG concentrations versus time while the half‐life was obtained as follows: (ln 2/elimination rate constant) (Barbato et al, ; Menchetti, Canali, Castellini, Boiti, & Brecchia, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These models evaluated the effects of Time (6 levels: 0, 23, 25, 28, 30 and 45 days post AI), group (2 levels: P and NP), RIA systems (2 levels: PAG-706 and PAG-860) and their interactions. The model for the postpartum period evaluated the effects of Time (11 levels: every 5 days from calving to day 50 postcalving), RIA system (2 levels: PAG-706 and PAG-860) and Time (Barbato et al, 2017;Menchetti, Canali, Castellini, Boiti, & Brecchia, 2018).…”

Section: Statistics Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our research group (Barbato et al, 2016(Barbato et al, , 2013 reported using antisera raised against buffalo PAG molecules, purified from buffalo placenta, to develop a specific RIA system (RIA-860) for pregnancy diagnosis in buffalo. Using this system, the plasma PAG profiles of water buffalo during pregnancy and postpartum periods have been recently described (Barbato et al, 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Correlation of two radioimmunoassay systems for measuring plasma pregnancy‐associated glycoproteins concentrations during early pregnancy and postpartum periods in water buffalo

Barbato

Menchetti

Sousa

et al. 2018

Reprod Domestic Animals

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This is the first time that PAG determination using two different antisera raised against PAG molecules purified from both caprine (RIA-706) and bubaline placentas (RIA-860) is reported in water buffalo. Ninety-eight buffalo cows, belonging to a buffalo herd subjected to a synchronization and artificial insemination (AI) programme, were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were taken on days 0 (AI), 23, 25, 28, 30 and 45. Pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasonography on days 28 and 45. The blood of 20 buffaloes that had calved was tested every five days from the day of calving until day 50 postcalving. Differences in PAG concentrations were observed between pregnant and nonpregnant buffaloes starting from day 23 post AI using both RIA-706 and RIA-860 (p < 0.001). However, estimated mean concentrations of PAG measured by RIA-706 were higher than RIA-860 (p < 0.001) and Bland-Altman analysis showed biases ranged from 0.0 ng/ml at day 23 to 0.79 ng/ml at day 28 post AI. Moreover, RIA-706 showed greater sensitivity and accuracy both at 23 and 25 days of pregnancy. RIA-706 and RIA-860 decreased below 1 ng/ml from 40 and 30 days postpartum, respectively, suggesting that PAG are better recognized by the antisera raised against the caprine PAG in the postpartum period also. This is essential when using PAG as an appropriate marker of early pregnancy after postpartum for detecting new pregnancies. The results of this study show that the ability of RIA systems to recognize early PAG could be improved using antisera raised against PAG molecules isolated from caprine placenta.

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Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) concentrations in water buffaloes ( Bubalus bubalis ) during gestation and the postpartum period

Cited by 21 publications

References 34 publications

Genetic and nongenetic profiling of milk pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in Holstein cattle

Genetic and nongenetic profiling of milk pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in Holstein cattle

Serum concentrations of leptin in pregnant and non‐pregnant bitches

Correlation of two radioimmunoassay systems for measuring plasma pregnancy‐associated glycoproteins concentrations during early pregnancy and postpartum periods in water buffalo

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