Pregnancy and diet-related changes in the maternal gut microbiota following exposure to an elevated linoleic acid diet

Abstract

Dietary intakes of linoleic acid (LA) have increased, including in women of reproductive age. Changes in maternal gut microbiome have been implicated in the metabolic adaptions that occur during pregnancy. We aimed to investigate whether consumption of a diet with elevated LA altered fecal microbiome diversity before and during pregnancy. Female Wistar-Kyoto rats consumed a high-LA diet (HLA: 6.21% of energy) or a low-LA diet (LLA: 1.44% of energy) for 10 wk before mating and during pregnancy. DNA was isolated from fecal samples before pregnancy [embryonic day 0 (E0)], or during pregnancy at E10 and E20. The microbiome composition was assessed with 16S rRNA sequencing. At E0, the beta-diversity of LLA and HLA groups differed with HLA rats having significantly lower abundance of the genera Akkermansia, Peptococcus, Sutterella, and Xo2d06 but higher abundance of Butyricimonas and Coprococcus. Over gestation, in LLA but not HLA rats, there was a reduction in alpha-diversity and an increase in beta-diversity. In the LLA group, the abundance of Akkermansia, Blautia, rc4.4, and Streptococcus decreased over gestation, whereas Coprococcus increased. In the HLA group; only the abundance of Butyricimonas decreased. At E20, there were no differences in alpha- and beta-diversity, and the abundance of Roseburia was significantly increased in the HLA group. In conclusion, consumption of a HLA diet alters gut microbiota composition, as does pregnancy in rats consuming a LLA diet. In pregnancy, consumption of a HLA diet does not alter gut microbiota composition.

Maternal Linoleic Acid Overconsumption Alters Offspring Gut and Adipose Tissue Homeostasis in Young but Not Older Adult Rats

“…This is even more true when examining the effect of maternal dietary n -6 PUFA in a moderate fat diet during gestation and lactation on host–microbiota interactions. In a recent study, Shrestha et al demonstrated that a high consumption of LA (6.2% of energy) in a normal fat diet (9% of energy) does not significantly alter the gut microbiota composition of dams during pregnancy as compared to a lower intake of LA, but they did not investigate the offspring microbiota [ 37 ].…”

Plasma Levels of Omega-3 and Omega-6 Derived Oxylipins Are Associated with Fecal Microbiota Composition in Young Adults

“…Additionally, we identified that plasma levels of omega-3 and omega-6 oxylipins are negatively associated with the relative abundance of the Sutterella genus in feces. In line with these results, rats consuming a diet rich in the omega-6 PUFA LA for 10 weeks showed a decrease in the relative abundance of the Sutterella genus [ 35 ]. In contrast, daily oral supplementation with omega-3 PUFAs (i.e., 4 g of EPA and DHA) for eight weeks increased the relative abundance of Sutterellaceae family in feces of in middle-aged healthy humans [ 36 ].…”

Selenium Enriched Bacillus Subtilis Yb-1114246 Improved Growth and Immunity of Broiler Chickens Through Modified Ileal Bacterial Composition

“…With bacterial growth, metabolites of B. subtilis yb-114,246 include antimicrobial substances and digestive enzymes, such as protease, lipase, and amylase, which play important roles in maintaining health and breaking down feedstuff for nutrient absorption [33]. Chickens receiving SEBS exhibited a higher nal body weight and greater feed utilization e ciency than did control chickens, compared with the group receiving B. subtilis yb-114,246, suggesting that this treatment was more e cient in regulating growth for the biological roles of [37][38][39][40]. KO functional pro les of microbial communities indicated that metabolism and immunity were improved by these species of bacteria.…”