1994
DOI: 10.1016/0020-7292(94)90037-x
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Pregnancy after subzonal insemination with spermatozoa lacking outer dynein arms

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Cited by 11 publications
(13 citation statements)
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“…Even if endocrinological and functional characteristics of semen are normal, men with immotile spermatozoa are infertile. Motility may not be necessary for sperm-zona pellucida binding [14] or for penetration of the investment-free oocyte [20], but sperm motility has been considered compulsory for the penetration of cervical mucus, the movement through the female genital tract, and the entering through the oocyte investments [7].…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Even if endocrinological and functional characteristics of semen are normal, men with immotile spermatozoa are infertile. Motility may not be necessary for sperm-zona pellucida binding [14] or for penetration of the investment-free oocyte [20], but sperm motility has been considered compulsory for the penetration of cervical mucus, the movement through the female genital tract, and the entering through the oocyte investments [7].…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Before it was possible to directly inject a single spermatozoon into the ooplasm, subzonal injection (SUZI) of numerous sperms was a successful alternative [23,24]. However, SUZI required at least minimal sperm motility in order achieve fertilization.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Conventional IVF may fail in certain couples with impaired sperm motility and when the number of motile sperm present in the ejaculate is too low. Since the immotile sperm have a normal ability to acrosome react in vitro, immotile sperm pregnancies and live births have been reported following subzonal insemination (SUZI) or partial zona dissection (PZD) [9,15,17,24,25].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%