Prefrontal gyral folding and its cognitive correlates in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

Abstract

Patients with bipolar disorder and patients with schizophrenia have reduced prefrontal gyrification affecting both ventral and dorsal subregions. These reductions were significantly associated with cognitive impairments occurring in both disorders.

Increased gyrification in schizophrenia and non affective first episode of psychosis

“…However, other studies reported hypogiria or preserved GI in the PFC of patients with schizophrenia (Bonnici et al, 2007;Cachia et al, 2007;Kulynych et al, 1997;Mancini-Marie et al, 2015;McIntosh et al, 2009;Nesvag et al, 2014;Palaniyappan and Liddle, 2012;Palaniyappan et al, 2011;Tepest et al, 2013;Highley et al, 2003). Possible explanations for these contrasting results could be related to the relative small sample size or to the presence of discrepancy between males and females within the patients or the control group.…”

“…Nevertheless, a similar general consensus on the abnormalities in gyrification asymmetry in this patients group has not been reached yet. Indeed, findings suggested either a lack or a reversed pattern of normal gyrification asimmetry in schizophrenia (Wiegand et al, 2005;Narr et al, 2004;McIntosh et al, 2009;Mancini-Marie et al, 2015;Palaniyappan et al, 2011). Therefore, given the general heterogeneity in GI literature, more research will be useful for clarifying the role of PFC gyrification asymmetry in psychosis.…”

“…Nonetheless, the evidence reporting the role of prefrontal cortical folding in schizophrenia have led to contrasting results (White and Hilgetag, 2011). Indeed, although PFC hypergyria has been reported in patients suffering from schizophrenia (Falkai et al, 2007;Vogeley et al, 2001;Nenadic et al, 2015), other authors have, in contrast, reported hypogyria (Bonnici et al, 2007;Cachia et al, 2007;Kulynych et al, 1997;Mancini-Marie et al, 2015;McIntosh et al, 2009;Nesvag et al, 2014;Palaniyappan et al, 2011;Palaniyappan and Liddle, 2012;Tepest et al, 2013) or no abnormalities (Highley et al, 2003). Similarly, the same mixed picture have been reported in first-episode patients with schizophrenia (Narr et al, 2004;Janssen et al, 2014;Wiegand et al, 2005), while only one study has investigated cortical gyrification in non-affective first-episode psychosis (FEP-NA) (Palaniyappan et al, 2013), showing hypogyria in the PFC.…”

Estudos transcriptômicos no contexto da conectividade perturbada em esquizofrenia

“…MRI investigations uncovered reductions mainly in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in 70% of the studies reporting decreased volumes 19,20 . A further sign of early developmental deficit consists in the disturbed gyrification index as a measure of disturbed cortical folding [21][22][23][24][25] . A decreased prefrontal glucose uptake and hypofrontality has been related to negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction 26,27 .…”

577. Lifespan Gyrification Trajectories of Human Brain in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Major Psychiatric Disorders

“…It is possible therefore that the brain of patients with psychiatric disorders may also undergo abnormal changes during development and aging. Studies with small sample sizes have shown regional brain gyrification alterations in patients with MDD 18 , BD 19 and SCZ 20,21 . However, it is still unknown whether the lifespan trajectories of gyrification over the brain are altered in patients diagnosed with these psychiatric disorders and whether there are differential courses among them.…”