Prefrontal cortex glucose metabolism and startle eyeblink modification abnormalities in unmedicated schizophrenia patients

Hazlett, Erin A.; Buchsbaum, Monte S.; Haznedar, M. Mehmet; Singer, Melissa B.; Germans, Marja K.; Schnur, David B.; Jimenez, Edward; Buchsbaum, Bradley R.; Troyer, Bill T.

doi:10.1017/s0048577298001863

Cited by 30 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Particularly, Swerdlow, Geyer, & Braff (2001) have pointed out the participation of the medial prefrontal cortex in PPI regulation. Functional neuroimaging studies suggest the involvement of the human PFC in the prepulse inhibition effect, consistent with previous results in rats (Campbell et al, 2007; Hazlett et al, 1998; Neuner et al, 2010). These findings, along with reported deficits in attention following PFC damage (Stuss & Benson, 1986) and prefrontal activity during the performance of tasks requiring attention (Fuster, 2008), suggest that the PFC is necessary for effective regulation of attention.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Alterations of attention and emotional processing following childhood-onset damage to the prefrontal cortex.

Sánchez-Navarro¹,

Driscoll²,

Anderson³

et al. 2014

Behavioral Neuroscience

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The prefrontal cortex (PFC), especially the medial sector, plays a crucial role in emotional processing. Damage to this region results in impaired processing of emotional information, perhaps due to an inability to initiate and maintain attention toward emotional materials, a process that is normally automatic. Childhood onset damage to the PFC impairs emotional processing more than adult-onset PFC damage. The aim of this work was to study the involvement of the PFC in attention to emotional stimuli, and to explore how age at lesion onset affects this involvement. To address these issues, we studied both the emotional and attentional modulation of the startle reflex. Our sample was composed of 4 patients with childhood-onset PFC damage, 6 patients with adult-onset PFC damage, and 10 healthy comparison participants. Subjects viewed 54 affective pictures; acoustic startle probes were presented at 300 ms after picture onset in 18 pictures (as an index of attentional modulation) and at 3,800 ms after picture onset in 18 pictures (as an index of emotional modulation). Childhood-onset PFC patients did not show attentional or emotional modulation of the response, in contrast to adult-onset PFC damage and comparison participants. Early-onset damage to the PFC results, therefore, in more severe dysfunction in the processing of affective stimuli than adult-onset PFC damage, perhaps reflecting limited plasticity in the neural systems that support these processes.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Alterations of attention and emotional processing following childhood-onset damage to the prefrontal cortex.

Sánchez-Navarro¹,

Driscoll²,

Anderson³

et al. 2014

Behavioral Neuroscience

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“…Total brain volume was determined by summing the volumes of gray and white matter for all 39 Brodmann areas using our standard Brodmann program described elsewhere (Hazlett et al, 1998). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corpus callosum size and diffusion tensor anisotropy in adolescents and adults with schizophrenia

Balevich

Haznedar

Wang

et al. 2015

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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The corpus callosum has been implicated as a region of dysfunctional connectivity in schizophrenia, but the association between age and callosal pathology is unclear. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) were performed on adults (n=34) and adolescents (n=17) with schizophrenia and adult (n=33) and adolescent (n=15) age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The corpus callosum was manually traced on each participant’s MRI, and the DTI scan was co-registered to the MRI. The corpus callosum was divided into five anteroposterior segments. Area and anisotropy were calculated for each segment. Both patient groups demonstrated reduced callosal anisotropy; however, the adolescents exhibited reductions mostly in anterior regions while the reductions were more prominent in posterior regions of the adults. The adolescent patients showed greater decreases in absolute area as compared with the adult patients, particularly in the anterior segments. However, the adults showed greater reductions when area was considered relative to whole brain white matter volume. Our results suggest that the initial stages of the illness are characterized by deficiencies in frontal connections, and the chronic phase is characterized by deficits in the posterior corpus callosum; or, alternatively, adolescent-onset schizophrenia may represent a different or more severe form of the illness.

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“…This method is an approximation to Brodmann-area parcellation and segmentation of gray and white matter which we have also previously employed in morphometric studies of SPD and schizophrenia 20,54 . The program divides manually traced coronal MRI brain slices into 20 radial and 10 midline sectors in each hemisphere, and each temporal lobe into 16 sectors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cingulate and temporal lobe fractional anisotropy in schizotypal personality disorder

et al. 2011

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Background Consistent with the clinical picture of milder symptomatology in schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) than schizophrenia, morphological studies indicate SPD abnormalities in temporal lobe regions but to a much lesser extent in prefrontal regions implicated in schizophrenia. Lower fractional anisotropy (FA), a measure of white-matter integrity within prefrontal, temporal, and cingulate regions has been reported in schizophrenia but has been little studied in SPD. Aims To examine temporal and prefrontal FA in 30 neuroleptic-naïve SPD patients and 35 matched healthy controls. We hypothesized that compared with healthy controls (HCs), SPD patients would exhibit lower FA in temporal and anterior cingulum regions but relative sparing in prefrontal regions. Method We acquired diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in all participants and examined FA in the white matter underlying Brodmann areas (BAs) in dorsolateral prefrontal (BA44,45,46), temporal (BA22,21,20), and cingulum (BA25,24,31,23,29) regions using multivariate-ANOVAs. Results Compared with healthy controls, the SPD group had significantly lower FA in left temporal but not prefrontal regions. In the cingulum, FA was lower in the SPD group in posterior regions (BA31 and 23), higher in anterior (BA25) regions and lower overall in the right but not left cingulum. Among the SPD group, lower FA in the cingulum was associated with more severe negative symptoms (e.g., odd speech). Conclusions Similar to schizophrenia, our results indicate cingulum-temporal lobe FA abnormalities in SPD and suggest that cingulum abnormalities are associated with negative symptoms.

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Prefrontal cortex glucose metabolism and startle eyeblink modification abnormalities in unmedicated schizophrenia patients

Cited by 30 publications

References 19 publications

Alterations of attention and emotional processing following childhood-onset damage to the prefrontal cortex.

Alterations of attention and emotional processing following childhood-onset damage to the prefrontal cortex.

Corpus callosum size and diffusion tensor anisotropy in adolescents and adults with schizophrenia

Cingulate and temporal lobe fractional anisotropy in schizotypal personality disorder

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