Prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in behavioural flexibility and posttraumatic functional recovery: Reversal learning and set-shifting in rats

Malá, Hana; Andersen, Lykke Grønbech; Christensen, Rie Friis; Felbinger, Anita; Hagstrøm, Julie; Meder, D.; Pearce, Hadley; Mogensen, Jesper

doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.05.006

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…However, there was an overall effect of high fat such that rats with any shortening exposure (BEP, BER, and DAILY) were somewhat impaired relative to chow controls (CON). We found a similar shortening exposure effect in the BM-RL test, which heavily relies on cortical function in addition to intact hippocampal signaling [58, 59]. Consistent with our findings, previous studies have shown impairments in both spatial and reversal learning in rats exposed to high fat food sources [38, 60–63].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Cognitive impairment and gene expression alterations in a rodent model of binge eating disorder

Chawla

Cordner

Boersma

et al. 2017

Physiology & Behavior

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Binge eating disorder (BED) is defined as recurrent, distressing over-consumption of palatable food (PF) in a short time period. Clinical studies suggest that individuals with BED may have impairments in cognitive processes, executive functioning, impulse control, and decision-making, which may play a role in sustaining binge eating behavior. These clinical reports, however, are limited and often conflicting. In this study, we used a limited access rat model of binge-like behavior in order to further explore the effects of binge eating on cognition. In binge eating prone (BEP) rats, we found novel object recognition (NOR) as well as Barnes maze reversal learning (BM-RL) deficits. Aberrant gene expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) in the hippocampus (HPC)-prefrontal cortex (PFC) network was observed in BEP rats. Additionally, the NOR deficits were correlated with reductions in the expression of TrkB and insulin receptor (Ir) in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. Furthermore, up-regulation of serotonin-2C (5-HT2C) receptors in the orbitoprefrontal cortex (OFC) were associated with BM-RL deficit. Finally, in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), we found decreased dopamine receptor 2 (Drd2) expression among BEP rats. Taken together, these data suggest that binge eating vegetable shortening may induce contextual and reversal learning deficits which may be mediated, at least in part, by the altered expression of genes in the CA3-OFC-NAc neural network.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Cognitive impairment and gene expression alterations in a rodent model of binge eating disorder

Chawla

Cordner

Boersma

et al. 2017

Physiology & Behavior

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“…Earlier results reported by Reynolds and Zahm (2005) and counts from 4 cases in the present study support a generally low level of collateralization of prefrontocortical projections to basal forebrain macrosystems, consistent with the finely discriminative control that the frontal lobe is thought to exert on behavioral flexibility (e.g., de Bruin et al, 1994; Seamans et al, 1995; Ragozzino et al, 1999; Dias et al, 2000; Lanser et al, 2001; Ragozzino, 2002; 2007; Floresco et al, 2006; 2009; Block et al, 2007; Boulougouris et al, 2007; Ragozzino and Rozman, 2007; Stainaker et al, 2007; Tait and Brown, 2007; Churchwell et al, 2009; Clarke et al, 2008; Kosaki and Watanabe, 2012; Cholvin et al, 2013; Mala et al 2015). Our present observation of relatively few collateralized temporal lobe projections to the AcbC is consonant with strong AcbC connections to the dorsal prelimbic and dorsal aganular insular cortices (Brog et al, 1993; Zahm, 2000; 2008a;b) and the key AcbC role in the acquisition and execution of conditioned responses (Kelley et al, 1997; Smith-Roe and Kelley, 2000), critical elements in behavioral flexibility.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Abundant collateralization of temporal lobe projections to the accumbens, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, central amygdala and lateral septum

et al. 2016

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Behavioral flexibility is subserved in part by outputs from the cerebral cortex to telencephalic subcortical structures. In our earlier evaluation of the organization of the cortical-subcortical output system (J. Neurosci. 25:11757-67, 2005), retrograde double-labeling was evaluated in the prefrontal cortex following tracer injections into pairs of the following subcortical telencepahlic structures: caudate-putamen, core and shell of the accumbens (Acb), bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BST) and central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). The present study was done to assess patterns of retrograde labeling in the temporal lobe after similar paired tracer injections into most of the same telencephalic structures plus the lateral septum (LS). In contrast to the modest double-labeling observed in the prefrontal cortex in the previous study, up to 60-80% of neurons in the basal and accessory basal amygdaloid nuclei and amygdalopiriform transition area exhibited double-labeling in the present study. The most abundant double-labeling was generated by paired injections into structures affiliated with the extended amygdala, including the CeA, BST and Acb shell. Injections pairing the Acb core with the BST or CeA produced significantly fewer double-labeled neurons. The ventral subiculum exhibited modest amounts of double-labeling associated with paired injections into the Acb, BST, CeA and LS. The results raise the issue of how an extraordinarily collateralized output from the temporal lobe may contribute to behavioral flexibility.

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“…Several brain structures are involved in egocentric navigation learning (e.g., hippocampus, striatum); thus, the functions of these brain structures could be investigated in this system (Vorhees & Williams, 2014;Buzsaki & Moser, 2013). An important property of cognitive processes includes its flexibility, which involves the updating and modifying of previously learned behavioral response strategies and is critical for successful adaptation to a changing environment (George et al, 2015;Placek, Dippel, Jones, & Brady, 2013;Vorhees & Williams, 2014;Mala et al, 2015). Behavioral shifts within one dimension (e.g., shift according to spatial position) is denoted as learning flexibility, which is a broadly-used assay of plastic reward learning and has been proposed as an index for some psychopathology.…”

Section: Methodological Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of exploratory activity and learning ability of healthy and “schizophrenia-like” rats in a square corridor system (AMBITUS)

Horváth

Liszli

Kekesi

et al. 2017

Physiology & Behavior

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The rodent tasks with food rewards are useful methods to evaluate memory functions, including hole-board and corridor tests. The AMBITUS system (a square corridor with several food rewards), as a combination of these tests, was developed for the investigation of a variety of parameters associated with exploration and cognitive performance in rodents. Experiments were performed to characterize these behaviors in healthy rats and a new "schizophrenia-like" rat substrain with impaired learning ability to reveal the reliability in tests related to these functions.A square corridor was constructed with equally spaced sites along each wall (4 inside and 4 outside) resulting in 16 side-boxes for food rewards. Photocells at each box recorded the visits into the side-boxes (as exploratory activity), while the eating parameters were obtained from video records. The animals were exposed to two types of tasks repeatedly in two series: all (16) or only the inside (8) boxes (Task 1 or Task 2, respectively) were baited.Most of the rats acquired Task 1, and their performance improved by repetition, but the new substrain showed decreased exploration and learning capacity. The introduction of Task 2 caused prompt preference of the baited inner side-boxes, and gradually improved working and reference memory during the trials. The manual and automated scoring of the visits into the side-boxes showed significant (r=0.97) correlation.The results proved that healthy animals could perform the simple tasks in the square corridor after a few repetitions. The semi-automated AMBITUS system might be appropriate to detect cognitive flexibility after different manipulations, and it provides immediate, online assessment of exploratory behavior of a large number of animals within a short period of time, and it reduces the possibility of experimenter bias.

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Prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in behavioural flexibility and posttraumatic functional recovery: Reversal learning and set-shifting in rats

Cited by 34 publications

References 72 publications

Cognitive impairment and gene expression alterations in a rodent model of binge eating disorder

Cognitive impairment and gene expression alterations in a rodent model of binge eating disorder

Abundant collateralization of temporal lobe projections to the accumbens, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, central amygdala and lateral septum

Characterization of exploratory activity and learning ability of healthy and “schizophrenia-like” rats in a square corridor system (AMBITUS)

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