Prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex abnormalities in Tourette Syndrome: evidence from voxel-based morphometry and magnetization transfer imaging

Müller‐Vahl, Kirsten; Kaufmann, Jörn; Großkreutz, Julian; Dengler, Reinhard; Emrich, Hinderk M.; Peschel, Thomas

doi:10.1186/1471-2202-10-47

Cited by 138 publications

(121 citation statements)

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“…MRI analyses have detected volumetric changes in the cortex of TS patients including larger dorsal prefrontal and parieto-occipital regions, and a smaller inferior occipital region (Peterson et al, 2001). In a limited but well controlled male-only study that excluded medicated patients and those with comorbidities, voxel-based morphometry and magnetization transfer imaging (methods sensitive to tissue alterations and macrostructural integrity) have detected changes in prefrontal, frontal, sensorimotor, and anterior cingulate regions (Müller-Vahl et al, 2009). Using parcellation methods, variable changes have been reported in subcortical white matter, with increases in the right frontal region (Fredericksen et al, 2002) or decreases in left deep frontal white matter .…”

Section: Cortex and Subcortical White Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiology of Tourette Syndrome: Current Status and Need for Further Investigation: Table 1.

Felling¹,

Singer²

2011

J. Neurosci.

195

109

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Tourette syndrome (TS) is a common, chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by the presence of fluctuating motor and phonic tics. The typical age of onset is ϳ5-7 years, and the majority of children improve by their late teens or early adulthood. Affected individuals are at increased risk for the development of various comorbid conditions, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, school problems, depression, and anxiety. There is no cure for tics, and symptomatic therapy includes behavioral and pharmacological approaches. Evidence supports TS being an inherited disorder; however, the precise genetic abnormality remains unknown. Pathologic involvement of cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) pathways is supported by neurophysiological, brain imaging, and postmortem studies, but results are often confounded by small numbers, age differences, severity of symptoms, comorbidity, use of pharmacotherapy, and other factors. The primary site of abnormality remains controversial. Although numerous neurotransmitters participate in the transmission of messages through CSTC circuits, a dopaminergic dysfunction is considered a leading candidate. Several animal models have been used to study behaviors similar to tics as well as to pursue potential pathophysiological deficits. TS is a complex disorder with features overlapping a variety of scientific fields. Despite description of this syndrome in the late 19th century, there remain numerous unanswered neurobiological questions.In the 1880's, Georges Gilles de la Tourette published a two-part article in which he emphasized differences between tics and chorea. Although many of the descriptions about the disorder, which now bears his name [Tourette syndrome (TS)], have been revised, his belief that tics are a neurological movement disorder and not a psychiatric condition persists to the present (Goetz and Klawans, 1982). Nevertheless, despite multiple advances and widespread acceptance of TS being a biological disorder, the precise etiology and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain unknown. The goals of the present review are to briefly describe the clinical phenomenology of TS and related tic disorders, to review current information on genetic and neurobiological mechanisms, and to identify areas in need of further investigation.

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Section: Cortex and Subcortical White Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiology of Tourette Syndrome: Current Status and Need for Further Investigation: Table 1.

Felling¹,

Singer²

2011

J. Neurosci.

195

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…27 Another morphometric study has demonstrated that white matter was significantly increased in the right ventroposterolateral part of the thalamus in patients with Tourette's syndrome compared with healthy age-and sex-matched controls. 28 Furthermore, it has also been reported that DBS of the right nucleus accumbens was associated with an improvement in tics.…”

Section: Unilateral Gpi Dbs In Tsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unilateral Deep Brain Stimulation of the Right Globus Pallidus Internus in Patients with Tourette's Syndrome: Two Cases with Outcomes After 1 Year and a Brief Review of the Literature

Dong

Zhuang

et al. 2012

J Int Med Res

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Tourette's syndrome is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder, characterized by tics. Bilateral globus pallidus internus (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been considered to be an effective treatment for refractory Tourette's syndrome. Postoperative outcomes are described after 12 months' follow-up in a 41-year-old male patient and a 22-year-old male patient with Tourette's syndrome, both of whom underwent unilateral electrode implantations into the right GPi for DBS. These patients were diagnosed with Tourette's syndrome in childhood and, despite long-term therapy with a range of antipsychotic medications, continued to experience disabling tics in adulthood. Improvements in tic severity of 58.5% and 53.1% were observed at 12 months in the older and younger patient, respectively; improvements were determined by the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale. Both patients also experienced reductions in tic frequency and reported improvements in their health-related quality of life. Improvements in tics were similar to previous reports involving patients who underwent bilateral GPi DBS. These cases suggest that unilateral DBS of the right GPi is effective and might be a viable surgical choice for some patients with Tourette's syndrome.

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“…Among these individuals, there seems to be a failure of the cerebral plasticity mechanism that allows compensation for the presence of tics by overactivation of a motor inhibition process. Unlike adults, children with GTS have a larger orbitofrontal volume [32] and bilateral putamen [33,34], which would constitute an adaptive plasticity in response to the expression of tics, which, in turn, would help to inhibit them more easily. With the maturation of the prefrontal cortex during adolescence, this mechanism could gain strength and explain the symptom decrease during adolescence and early adulthood.…”

Section: ▪ Etiologies Of Gts: a 3d Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridging neuroscience and clinical psychology: cognitive behavioral and psychophysiological models in the evaluation and treatment of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome

2013

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SUMMARYCognitive neuroscience and clinical psychology have long been considered to be separate disciplines. However, the phenomenon of brain plasticity in the context of a psychological intervention highlights the mechanisms of brain compensation and requires linking both clinical cognition and cognitive psychophysiology. A quantifiable normalization of brain activity seems to be correlated with an improvement of the tic symptoms after cognitive behavioral therapy in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS). This article presents broad outlines of the state of the current literature in the field of GTS. We present our clinical research model and methodology for the integration of cognitive neuroscience in the psychological evaluation and treatment of GTS to manage chronic tic symptoms.

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Prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex abnormalities in Tourette Syndrome: evidence from voxel-based morphometry and magnetization transfer imaging

Cited by 138 publications

References 50 publications

Neurobiology of Tourette Syndrome: Current Status and Need for Further Investigation: Table 1.

Neurobiology of Tourette Syndrome: Current Status and Need for Further Investigation: Table 1.

Unilateral Deep Brain Stimulation of the Right Globus Pallidus Internus in Patients with Tourette's Syndrome: Two Cases with Outcomes After 1 Year and a Brief Review of the Literature

Bridging neuroscience and clinical psychology: cognitive behavioral and psychophysiological models in the evaluation and treatment of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome

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