Preflame Oxidation of Hydrocarbons in a Motored Engine

Pahnke, A. J.; Cohen, P.; Sturgis, B. M.

doi:10.1021/ie50533a058

Cited by 48 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…It was shown that the addition of PbO inhibited the formation of organic peroxides and H 2 O 2 at low and high temperatures, respectively. Similar results had previously been reported by Sturgis et al [24]. Walsh observed the formation of a "fog" or "smoke" of what was postulated to be PbO in the course of his experiments [20].…”

Section: Metallic Anti-knock Additivessupporting

confidence: 87%

Rational Design and Testing of Anti-Knock Additives

et al. 2020

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An innovative and informed methodology for the rational design and testing of anti-knock additives is reported. Interaction of the additives with OH● and HO2● is identified as the key reaction pathway by which non-metallic anti-knock additives are proposed to operate. Based on this mechanism, a set of generic design criteria for anti-knock additives is outlined. It is suggested that these additives should contain a weak X-H bond and form stable radical species after hydrogen atom abstraction. A set of molecular structural, thermodynamic, and kinetic quantities that pertain to the propensity of the additive to inhibit knock by this mechanism are identified and determined for a set of 12 phenolic model compounds. The series of structural analogues was carefully selected such that the physical thermodynamic and kinetic quantities could be systematically varied. The efficacy of these molecules as anti-knock additives was demonstrated through the determination of the research octane number (RON) and the derived cetane number(DCN), measured using an ignition quality tester (IQT), of a RON 95 gasoline treated with 1 mole % of the additive. The use of the IQT allows the anti-knock properties of potential additives to be studied on one tenth of the scale, compared to the analogous RON measurement. Using multiple linear regression, the relationship between DCN/RON and the theoretically determined quantities is studied. The overall methodology reported is proposed as an informed alternative to the non-directed experimental screening approach typically adopted in the development of fuel additives.

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Section: Metallic Anti-knock Additivessupporting

confidence: 87%

Rational Design and Testing of Anti-Knock Additives

et al. 2020

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“…One widely used solution in the combustion community is to use surrogate fuels that consist of a small number of components representing the major hydrocarbon classes present in real gasoline. Historically, binary blends of n -heptane and isooctane were used to model gasoline at various octane numbers; these are the primary reference fuels (PRFs). − However, in general, these simple mixtures cannot match some key properties of gasoline. For example, the H/C ratio of gasoline is usually less than 2, but PRFs are limited to the range of 2.3–2.25.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Chemistry for a Gasoline Surrogate Valid at Engine-Relevant Conditions

Niemeyer

Sung

2015

Energy Fuels

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A detailed mechanism for the four-component RD387 gasoline surrogate developed by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has shown good agreement with experiments in engine-relevant conditions. However, with 1388 species and 5933 reversible reactions, this detailed mechanism is far too large to use in practical engine simulations. Therefore, reduction of the detailed mechanism was performed using a multi-stage approach consisting of the DRGEPSA method, unimportant reaction elimination, isomer lumping, and analytic QSS reduction based on CSP analysis. A new greedy sensitivity analysis algorithm was developed and demonstrated to be capable of removing more species for the same error limit compared to the conventional sensitivity analysis used in DRG-based skeletal reduction methods. Using this new greedy algorithm, several skeletal and reduced mechanisms were developed at varying levels of complexity and for different target condition ranges. The final skeletal and reduced mechanisms consisted of 213 and 148 species, respectively, for a lean-to-stoichiometric, low-temperature HCCI-like range of conditions. For a lean-to-rich, high-temperature, SI/CIlike range of conditions, skeletal and reduced mechanisms were developed with 97 and 79 species, respectively. The skeletal and reduced mechanisms in this study were produced using an error limit of 10 % and validated using homogeneous autoignition simulations over engine-relevant conditions-all showed good agreement in predicting ignition delay. Furthermore, extended validation was performed, including comparison of autoignition temperature profiles, PSR temperature response curves and extinction turning points, and laminar flame speed calculations. All the extended validation showed results within/near the 10 % error limit, demonstrating the adequacy of the resulting reduced chemistry.

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“…Formation of aldehydes and ketones on oxidation of fuels at moderate temperatures may be a universal phenomenon. Such products have been identified in the exhaust from a motored gasoline engine operating on nheptane fuel [22]. Figure 2.…”

Section: Proposed Mechanisms Involved In Deposit Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible Influence of High Injection Pressure on Diesel Fuel Stability: A Review and Preliminary Study

Cook¹,

Richards²

2009

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Recent developments in diesel engines and fuel injection equipment combined with the change to ULSD and bio-blends have resulted in increased reports regarding deposits within injectors and filters. A review of known fuel degradation mechanisms and other relevant chemistries suggests the effects of high pressure and high shear environments should be examined as the most probable causes of increasing deposit formation. Existing fuel quality tests do not correlate with reported fouling propensity. Analytical studies have shown that there are only subtle chemical changes for the materials within the standard diesel boiling range. The implications for further scientific study are discussed.

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Preflame Oxidation of Hydrocarbons in a Motored Engine

Cited by 48 publications

References 3 publications

Rational Design and Testing of Anti-Knock Additives

Rational Design and Testing of Anti-Knock Additives

Reduced Chemistry for a Gasoline Surrogate Valid at Engine-Relevant Conditions

Possible Influence of High Injection Pressure on Diesel Fuel Stability: A Review and Preliminary Study

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