Preferential vaporization and plasma shielding during nano-second laser ablation

Mao, Xianglei; Chan, Wing-Shing; Caetano, Manuel; Shannon, Mark A.; Russo, Richard E.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-82412-7.50026-2

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Various researchers world wide have studied and reported effect of laser irradiation on Cu, Li, Zn, Al, Fe, Pb, Sn, Si and their alloy under ambient pressure, vacuum and using gases like argon and neon. They also studied the END and ET behavior at different laser harmonic, energy level and distances of target material from the laser irradiance by using ranges of spectroscopic methods [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. From last few decades, due to diverse applications as well as ease of utilization, relative simplicity, low cost and highshot-rate capability of laser driven material has became a very important field and the description of material in the form of ET and END has added a substantial curiosity in recent years for the understanding and utilization of these complex matter in daily life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of electron number density and temperature of laser-induced Silver plasma

Musadiq¹,

Iqbal

Amin³

et al. 2012

IJET

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Silver (Ag) plasma generated by second harmonics (532 nm) using Nd:YAG laser has been investigated at 17.6 mJ and 88.6 mJ energy level. The spatial behavior of the END and Electron Temperature (ET) was measured at ambient air pressures at different energy level and distance ranging from 0-4.5 mm form the target metal. The ET's were found to be varies from 17895 K to 10593 K, while END was found to be 2.229  10 15 to 6.44  10 14 cm -3 and 1.76  10 16 to 1.893  10 15 cm -3 for 17.6 mJ and 88.6 mJ energy, respectively. The relationship of END and ET found directly related to laser irradiance, while they were inverse to the distance from the target material surface to laser beam source.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of electron number density and temperature of laser-induced Silver plasma

Musadiq¹,

Iqbal

Amin³

et al. 2012

IJET

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“…In this study, precise control for the elemental composition in the vapor plume is very important. Thus, stoichiometric ablation, in which 9 W/cm 2 is sufficient for silicates and plastic materials to achieve stoichiometric ablation (e.g., Chan and Russo, 1991;Russo, 1995;Mao et al, 1996). Entropy gained by laser irradiation with such laser intensity is estimated to be equal to the entropy gained by hypervelocity impacts at velocities between several tens of km/s and a hundred km/s (Kadono et al, 2002;Sugita et al, 2003Sugita et al, , 2012.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation of carbon compounds by silica-derived oxygen within impact-induced vapor plumes

et al. 2013

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Impact-induced vapor plumes produce a variety of chemical species, which may play an important role in the evolution of planetary surface environments. In most previous theoretical studies on chemical reactions within impact-induced vapor plumes, only volatile components are considered. Chemical reactions between silicates and volatile components have been neglected. In particular, silica (SiO 2 ) is important because it is the dominant component of silicates. Reactions between silica and carbon under static and carbon-rich "metallurgic" conditions (C/SiO 2 1) are known to occur to produce CO and SiC. Actual impact vapor plumes, however, cool dynamically and have carbon-poor "meteoritic" composition (C/SiO 2 1). Reactions under such conditions have not been investigated, and final products in such reaction systems are not known well. Although CO and SiO are thermodynamically stable at high temperatures under carbon-poor conditions, C and SiO 2 are stable at low temperatures. Thus, CO may not be able to survive the rapidly cooling process of vapor plumes. In this study, we conduct laser pulse vaporization (LPV) experiments and thermodynamic calculations to examine whether interactions between carbon and silica occur in rapidly cooling vapor plumes with meteoritic chemical compositions. The experimental results indicate that even in rapidly cooling vapor plumes with meteoritic compounds are rather efficiently oxidized by silica-derived oxygen and that substantial amounts of both CO 2 and CO are produced. The calculation results also suggest that those oxidation reactions seen in LPV experiments might occur in planetary-scale vapor plumes regardless of impact velocity as long as silicates vaporize.

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“…Fractionation in alloys depends on the latent heat of vaporization; the higher the latent heat, the more difficult it is to vaporize a constituent. For example, in brass, the latent heat of vaporization of Cu is greater than that of Zn; 10 Zn can be preferentially ablated compared with Cu in these samples. By using a calibrated ICPAES instrument, fractionation based on thermal vaporization was demonstrated by measuring Zn/Cu mole ratios during ablation of brass.…”

Section: Processes Affecting Accuracymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Melt flushing from the crater, plasma shielding, and/or radiative heating by the laserinduced plasma can contribute to mass ejection. 7,10,19,20 Picosecond LA is even more esoteric; nonthermal mechanisms must be operative. Using a 35-ps pulse (Nd : YAG, Nd 3C : Y 3 Al 5 O 12 ) laser, some type of nonthermal mechanism appears to govern the LA process because Cu is enriched in the vapor at lower irradiance.…”

Section: Processes Affecting Accuracymentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Ablation in Atomic Spectroscopy

Russo

Mao

Borisov

et al. 2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Laser ablation (LA) is a unique technique to transform a solid sample into vapor‐phase constituents, which then can be chemically analyzed by atomic spectroscopy. Ablation brings many exciting capabilities to the field of chemical analysis, primarily because of the laser‐beam properties. The ability to analyze directly any solid samplewithout sample preparation and minimal sample‐quantity requirements are just some of the unique capabilities. This article discusses current issues related to using LA in atomic spectroscopy. A general introduction to LA sampling is presented along with a comparison with other solid sampling techniques. The critical issues for all analytical techniques are calibration, accuracy, and sensitivity. Techniques that have been demonstrated to address these analytical characteristics and define these parameters for LA are investigated in detail. Finally, many unique applications are described, ranging from dating geological materials to providing crime‐scene evidence. Most of these applications could not be performed without the use of a laser beam. The inductively coupled plasma (ICP) will be emphasized in this article because it is currently the most prevalent excitation and ionization source for chemical analysis using LA.

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Preferential vaporization and plasma shielding during nano-second laser ablation

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Measurement of electron number density and temperature of laser-induced Silver plasma

Measurement of electron number density and temperature of laser-induced Silver plasma

Oxidation of carbon compounds by silica-derived oxygen within impact-induced vapor plumes

Laser Ablation in Atomic Spectroscopy

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