Preferential island nucleation at the elbows of the Au(111) herringbone reconstruction through place exchange

Meyer, J.; Baikie, Iain D.; Kopatzki, E.; Behm, R. J.

doi:10.1016/0039-6028(96)00852-7

Cited by 202 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Dark features [1], ascribed to the presence of copper, appear between every pair of ridges that create a narrowed elbow, with a preference for hcp sites. Copper nucleation is thought to occur via the place-exchange mechanism proposed by Meyer and co-workers and initially thought unfavourable [5] one gold atom in the first layer and the replaced gold atoms undergo rapid diffusion over the terrace eventually condensing at a nearby step edge. This is a dynamic process revealed by the fuzzy appearance of the STM images during scanning and of the gold step edges [1].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the top layer this introduces stress points and very reactive sites (the elbows) where the majority of adsorbed metals are seen to condense preferentially. Nucleation of guest metals on Au(111) generally occurs via the place-exchange mechanism [5], which was initially ruled out for the adsorption of copper; however, it was later reported that the onset of copper adsorption does occur via a place-exchange mechanism, at specific sites identified as the narrowed regions within the highly reactive elbows of the Au(111)-(22× √ 3), irrespective of hcp or fcc stacking [1]. Other than for copper [6][7][8], this is also the case for other transition metals such as nickel [9][10][11][12], iron [13,14], and chromium [15,16], to name a few.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure and Reactivity of Cu-doped Au(111) Surfaces

Grillo

Megginson

Christie

et al. 2018

e-J. Surf. Sci. Nanotech.

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The structure and surface chemistry of ultrathin metallic films of one metal on another are strongly influenced by factors such as lattice mismatch and the formation of near-surface alloys. New morphologies may result with modified chemical properties which in turn open up different routes for molecular adsorption, desorption and surface functionalization, with important consequences in several fields of application.The Cu/Au(111) system has received the attention of many studies, only a few however have been performed in ultra-high vacuum (UHV), using surface sensitive techniques. In this contribution, the room temperature deposition of copper onto the (22× √ 3)-Au(111) surface, from submonolayer to thick film, is investigated using scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM).The onset of copper adsorption is seen to occur preferentially at alternate herringbone elbows, with a preference for hcp sites. With increasing coverage, copper-rich islands exhibit a reconstructed surface reminiscent of the clean Au(111) herringbone reconstruction. Disordered, pseudo-ordered and ordered surface layers are observed upon annealing. Models for the initial adsorption/incorporation mechanism, formation of adlayers and evolution with increasing coverage and annealing are qualitatively discussed. Further, the reactivity of copper-doped Au (111) systems is considered towards the adsorption of organic molecules of interest in nanotechnology and in catalytic applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Reactivity of Cu-doped Au(111) Surfaces

Grillo

Megginson

Christie

et al. 2018

e-J. Surf. Sci. Nanotech.

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“…Improved lateral order was obtained by exploiting the spatial correlation of island nucleation in a sequence of island and spacer layers in semiconductor superlattices [7]. In a different approach, the preferred nucleation of Ni at the elbows of the Au(111) herringbone reconstruction resulted in ordered lines of islands [8], which later could be explained with a site-specific exchange process for this specific system [9].In the present contribution we present a method to fabricate ordered arrays of equally spaced nanostructures that is of potential applicability in a large variety of systems. On substrates with a periodic arrangement of dislocations, regular superlattices of almost monodispersed islands can be created by self-organized growth.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Self-organized growth of cluster arrays

Bromann

Giovannini

Brune

et al. 1999

The European Physical Journal D

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Abstract. We present a novel method for the fabrication of well-ordered, two-dimensional nanocluster arrays. The method is based on the confined nucleation of adatoms within the superstructure cells of periodic surface dislocation networks, which form in many heteroepitaxial systems. We show how quantitative understanding of adatom diffusion and heterogeneous nucleation on such surfaces can be obtained through kinetic Monte-Carlo simulations and discuss the potential of this approach.PACS. 61.46.+w Clusters, nanoparticles, and nanocrystalline materials -81.15.Hi Molecular, atomic, ion, and chemical beam epitaxy -68.65.+g Low-dimensional structures (superlattices, quantum well structures, multilayers): structure, and nonelectronic properties During the last years, much effort has been devoted to the fabrication of nanostructures on semiconductor and metal surfaces. Research first focused on the variety of structures that could be produced, either by serial techniques such as atom manipulation with the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) [1], or by parallel processes such as self-organized growth [2][3][4][5]. Recently, the interest turned towards the problem of increasing homogeneity and spatial regularity of the nanostructure populations. The controlled deposition of size-selected clusters from the gas phase [6], e.g., produces nanostructures of nearly uniform dimensions. But, like the approach of self-organized growth, this method suffers from the statistics inherent in deposition and leads to largely uncorrelated spatial distributions. Improved lateral order was obtained by exploiting the spatial correlation of island nucleation in a sequence of island and spacer layers in semiconductor superlattices [7]. In a different approach, the preferred nucleation of Ni at the elbows of the Au(111) herringbone reconstruction resulted in ordered lines of islands [8], which later could be explained with a site-specific exchange process for this specific system [9].In the present contribution we present a method to fabricate ordered arrays of equally spaced nanostructures that is of potential applicability in a large variety of systems. On substrates with a periodic arrangement of dislocations, regular superlattices of almost monodispersed islands can be created by self-organized growth. Due to mutual long range repulsions the dislocations arrange into highly ordered periodic patterns that can be transferred into nanostructure superlattices through heterogeneous nucleation. The mechanism imposing the inhomogeneous substrate structure on the nucleation and growth process a Corresponding author. e-mail: harald.brune@epfl.ch is the strong repulsion of dislocations towards diffusing adatoms. Here, we illustrate this method for Ag nucleation on the second monolayer (ML) of Ag on a Pt(111) substrate (see Fig. 1b). The method, however, is of general importance as the required periodic substrates are provided by numerous epitaxial systems that show strain relief through dislocation formation. So far, besides the above men...

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“…Of course, this succession of 0.3 nm translation and rotation is very delicate since it is virtually impossible to image at the same time the windmill molecule and the exact position on the Au atoms at a turn. Nevertheless, it is known that at the elbow site one single Au atom is missing and therefore, it is for example a preferred nucleation center for metals [21]. Also molecules are known to likely occupy this turning point [22], which has been shown to be useful for other experiments.…”

Section: -P7mentioning

confidence: 99%

Training for the 1st international nano-car race: the Dresden molecule-vehicle

Eisenhut

Durand

Moresco

et al. 2016

Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys.

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Abstract. The first international nano-car race will be held in Toulouse, France in spring 2017, with the participation of six international teams. The training session of the Dresden Team is reported using the Toulouse LT-UHV 4-STM reconfigured with four independent controllers in preparation for the race. During the training, the total Au(1 1 1) surface was prepared over the full gold substrate and a 90 nm long race track with two turns was defined according to the new nano-car race rules. The Dresden windmill molecule-vehicle was deposited in ultrahigh vacuum conditions, imaged, and manipulated by any one of the four tips on race tracks to reach a 5 nm per hour driving speed including the STM image time after a given driving bias voltage pulse. During the manipulation with one of the tips, it was possible to image with another tip in parallel. Strategies for a safe and fast driving was established by the Dresden team along the fcc rafter of the Au(1 1 1) surface together with the possibility to repair on the spot the destroyed molecule for example during the negotiation of a turn. Other teams will beneficiate from this experience to also improve their driving strategy.

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Preferential island nucleation at the elbows of the Au(111) herringbone reconstruction through place exchange

Cited by 202 publications

References 17 publications

Structure and Reactivity of Cu-doped Au(111) Surfaces

Structure and Reactivity of Cu-doped Au(111) Surfaces

Self-organized growth of cluster arrays

Training for the 1st international nano-car race: the Dresden molecule-vehicle

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