Preferential inhibition of the lycopene ε-cyclase by the substituted triethylamine compound MPTA in higher plants

Phillip, Denise; Young, Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2005.06.003

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The stimulation of carotenogenesis and the partial blockage of LYC-β and LYC-ε results in the accumulation of phytoene, phytofluene and lycopene. The reduction in β-carotene and lutein was not sufficient to account for the accumulation of lycopene and lycopene precursors as would be suggested from the work of Phillip and Young (2006).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…There was no accumulation of lycopene precursors in the treated narcissus flowers and the reduction of the β-xanthophylls would not account for the amount of lycopene accumulated. In the MPTA treated radish seedlings (Phillip and Young, 2006) at low light intensity, the formations of β-carotene and violaxanthin were the most reduced, while the level of lutein and neoxanthin were the least affected. In the lettuce seedlings treated with MPTA there was an 18-fold reduction in β-carotene and neoxanthin with a 4-fold reduction in the levels of violaxanthin and lutein and a substantial increase in lactucaxanthin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In contrast, the H 2 O control samples show the presence of lutein and β-carotene. The levels of these carotenoids are shown in (Phillip and Young, 2006). These differences may be due to different responses to substituted tertiary amines in the different plant materials and treatment with different concentrations of CPTA and MPTA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In germinating lettuce seed under low irradiance, treatment with 2-(4-methylphenoxy) triethylamine (MPTA) severely reduced the levels of β-carotene and xanthophylls by the preferential blockage of LYC-beta (LYC-β) Fig. 1: Biosynthesis of carotenoids compared to LYC-epsilon (LYC-ε) and lycopene accumulated at their expenses (Phillip and Young, 2006). The finding that a mutation in the lyc gene conferred resistance to MPTA provided strong evidence that LYC is the target site of action of MPTA and related compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Induction of Lycopene in Germinating Cottonseed with 2-(4-Methylphenoxy) Triethylamine (MPTA)

Liu¹

2011

American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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Problem statement: Increasing carotenoids content in foods was currently of great interest. The present paper reports strong stimulatory effect of MPTA on the carotenogenesis in cotton, which was used as a model. Approach: Cotton seedlings were treated with MPTA vs. water and germinated in the dark. The levels of carotenoids were determined by HPLC and the expression levels of the key genes were determined by real-time PCR. Results: In the water treated dark germinating control cotton seedlings only low levels of lutein and β-carotene were detected. Treatment of dark germinating seedlings with substituted triethylamine MPTA resulted in an 88% reduction of lutein and a 100% reduction of β-carotene and nearly 18 fold increases in the total carotenoid production with the increase mainly due to the formation of lycopene and its precursors. Treatment of the germinating cottonseed with MPTA and antibiotics such as actinomycin-D, α-amanitin, cordycepin or cycloheximide reduced the stimulatory effect of MPTA. This indicates that increased biosynthesis of carotenes with MPTA was dependent on gene expression, polyadenylation of the gene transcripts and translation of the mRNA on 80S ribosomes. In addition, the relative transcript levels of phytoene synthase, psy1 and psy2 in the MPTA germinating seedlings increased 6.5 and 2.2 fold, respectively, compared to the transcript levels in the H 2 O controls. The relative levels of lyc-β and lyc-ε transcripts in the MPTA treated seed increased 3.7 and 3.6 fold, respectively, compared to the H 2 O controls. Conclusion: These results support the conclusion that the accumulation of lycopene and lycopene precursors in the MPTA treated germinating cottonseed was dependent on the partial blockage of LYC-β and LYC-ε and the induced expression and translation of the psy genes leading to an increased carotenogenesis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Induction of Lycopene in Germinating Cottonseed with 2-(4-Methylphenoxy) Triethylamine (MPTA)

Liu¹

2011

American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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“…There is an herbicide that is known to directly inhibit the lycopene cyclase activity, namely 2-(4-methylphenoxy)-triethylamine hydrochloride (MPTA) (Bramley 1993;Ronen et al 1999;Phillip and Young 2006). MPTA causes a substantial increase in all-trans-lycopene that largely compensates for loss of cyclic carotenoids and only low levels of other precursors accumulate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of lutein biosynthesis and prolamellar body formation in Arabidopsis

Cuttriss

Chubb

Alawady

et al. 2007

Functional Plant Biol.

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Abstract. Carotenoids are critical for photosynthetic function in chloroplasts, and are essential for the formation of the prolamellar body in the etioplasts of dark-grown (etiolated) seedlings. They are also precursors for plant hormones in both types of plastids. Lutein is one of the most abundant carotenoids found in both plastids. In this study we examine the regulation of lutein biosynthesis and investigate the effect of perturbing carotenoid biosynthesis on the formation of the lattice-like membranous structure of etioplasts, the prolamellar body (PLB). Analysis of mRNA abundance in wildtype and lutein-deficient mutants, lut2 and ccr2, in response to light transitions and herbicide treatments demonstrated that the mRNA abundance of the carotenoid isomerase (CRTISO) and epsilon-cyclase (εLCY) can be rate limiting steps in lutein biosynthesis. We show that accumulation of tetra-cis-lycopene and all-trans-lycopene correlates with the abundance of mRNA of several carotenoid biosynthetic genes. Herbicide treatments that inhibit carotenoid biosynthetic enzymes in wildtype and ccr2 etiolated seedlings were used to demonstrate that the loss of the PLB in ccr2 mutants is a result of perturbations in carotenoid accumulation, not indirect secondary effects, as PLB formation could be restored in ccr2 mutants treated with norflurazon.

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Biosynthesis of Carotenoids in Plants: Enzymes and Color

Rosas-Saavedra

Stange

2016

Subcellular Biochemistry

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Carotenoids are the most important biocolor isoprenoids responsible for yellow, orange and red colors found in nature. In plants, they are synthesized in plastids of photosynthetic and sink organs and are essential molecules for photosynthesis, photo-oxidative damage protection and phytohormone synthesis. Carotenoids also play important roles in human health and nutrition acting as vitamin A precursors and antioxidants. Biochemical and biophysical approaches in different plants models have provided significant advances in understanding the structural and functional roles of carotenoids in plants as well as the key points of regulation in their biosynthesis. To date, different plant models have been used to characterize the key genes and their regulation, which has increased the knowledge of the carotenoid metabolic pathway in plants. In this chapter a description of each step in the carotenoid synthesis pathway is presented and discussed.

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Preferential inhibition of the lycopene ε-cyclase by the substituted triethylamine compound MPTA in higher plants

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

The Induction of Lycopene in Germinating Cottonseed with 2-(4-Methylphenoxy) Triethylamine (MPTA)

The Induction of Lycopene in Germinating Cottonseed with 2-(4-Methylphenoxy) Triethylamine (MPTA)

Regulation of lutein biosynthesis and prolamellar body formation in Arabidopsis

Biosynthesis of Carotenoids in Plants: Enzymes and Color

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