Preferential dust sources: A geomorphological classification designed for use in global dust-cycle models

Bullard, Joanna E.; Harrison, Sandy P.; Baddock, Matthew C.; Drake, Nick; Gill, Thomas E.; McTainsh, Grant Harvey; Sun, Youbin

doi:10.1029/2011jf002061

Cited by 147 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…The atmospheric dust load that originates from soils disturbed by human activities such as land use practices, which can be interpreted as "anthropogenic" dust (Tegen and Fung, 1995), can increase dust loading, which, in turn, affects the radiative forcing. It is critical to quantify the relative importance of different dust sources and the factors that affect dust emissions to understand the global dust cycle, including historical and future changes in dust emissions, as noted by Okin et al (2011) and Bullard et al (2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of anthropogenic dust using CALIPSO lidar measurements

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Anthropogenic dusts are those produced by human activities on disturbed soils, which are mainly cropland, pastureland, and urbanized regions, and are a subset of the total dust load which includes natural sources from desert regions. Our knowledge of anthropogenic dusts is still very limited due to a lack of data. To understand the contribution of anthropogenic dust to the total global dust load, it is important to identify it apart from total dust. In this study, a new technique for distinguishing anthropogenic dust from natural dust is proposed by using Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) dust and planetary boundary layer (PBL) height retrievals along with a land use data set. Using this technique, the global distribution of dust is analyzed and the relative contribution of anthropogenic and natural dust sources to regional and global emissions are estimated. Results reveal that local anthropogenic dust aerosol due to human activity, such as agriculture, industrial activity, transportation, and overgrazing, accounts for about 25 % of the global continental dust load. Of these anthropogenic dust aerosols, more than 53 % come from semiarid and semi-wet regions. Annual mean anthropogenic dust column burden (DCB) values range from 0.42 g m −2 , with a maximum in India, to 0.12 g m −2 , with a minimum in North America. A better understanding of anthropogenic dust emission will enable us to focus on human activities in these critical regions and with such knowledge we will be more able to improve global dust models and to explore the effects of anthropogenic emission on radiative forcing, climate change, and air quality in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of anthropogenic dust using CALIPSO lidar measurements

et al. 2015

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“…This identification will enable us to look into the factors generating SDS more effectively (Esmaili et al, 2006a), and will improve our understanding of SDS mechanism and the effects of climate change and human activities on SDS occurrences. Despite the presence of abundant fine dust particles, SDS source regions exhibit spatial and temporal heterogeneities in dust emission characteristics, which makes the identification of SDS source areas a more complicated issue (Bullard et al, 2011;Bryant, 2013). The primary method to identify SDS source areas depends on ground-based point measurements that limit the ability to study events to large spatial scales (Esmaili et al, 2006b).…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification of sand and dust storm source areas in Iran

Jian²,

et al. 2015

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Sand and dust storms (SDS) are common phenomena in arid and semi-arid areas. In recent years, SDS frequencies and intensities have increased significantly in Iran. A research on SDS sources is important for understanding the mechanisms of dust generation and assessing its socio-economic and environmental impacts. In this paper, we developed a new approach to identify SDS source areas in Iran using a combination of nine related datasets, namely drought events, temperature, precipitation, location of sandy soils, SDS frequency, human-induced soil degradation (HISD), human influence index (HII), rain use efficiency (RUE) and net primary productivity (NPP) loss. To identify SDS source areas, we firstly normalized these datasets under uniform criteria including layer reprojection using Lambert conformal conic projection, data conversion from shapefile to raster, Min-Max Normalization with data range from 0 to 1, and data interpolation by Kriging and images resampling (resolution of 1 km). After that, a score map for the possibility of SDS sources was generated through overlaying multiple datasets under average weight allocation criterion, in which each item obtained weight equally. In the score map, the higher the score, the more possible a specific area could be regarded as SDS source area. Exceptions mostly came from large cities, like Tehran and Isfahan. As a result, final SDS source areas were mapped out, and Al-Howizeh/Al-Azim marshes and Sistan Basin were identified as main SDS source areas in Iran. The SDS source area in Al-Howizeh/Al-Azim marshes still keeps expanding. In addition, Al-Howizeh/Al-Azim marshes are now suffering rapid land degradation due to natural and human-induced factors and might totally vanish in the near future. Sistan Basin also demonstrates the impacts of soil degradation and wind erosion. With appropriate intensity, duration, wind speed and altitude of the dust storms, sand particles uplifting from this area might have developed into extreme dust storms, especially during the summer.Keywords: sand and dust storm; weight allocation criterion; Kriging interpolation; score map; Al-Howizeh/Al-Azim marshes; Sistan Basin Citation: CAO Hui, LIU Jian, WANG Guizhou, YANG Guang, LUO Lei. 2015. Identification of sand and dust storm source areas in

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“…Remote sensing observations reported a higher correlation between dust emission events and strength of winds over the dune-covered units than winds over other geomorphic units of the Sahara Desert, the Chihuahuan Desert, the Lake Eyre Basin, and the Taklamakan Area (Bullard et al, 2011;Crouvi et al, 2012). Crouvi et al (2012) found that more than 40% of Saharan dust storms originated from sand dunes, and that sand dunes had a higher land 10 erodibility (regression of number of dust storms against surface wind) than other soil types.…”

Section: Introduction 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Remote sensing observations are thus particularly informative for such regions, and these have informed delineation of regional dust emission patterns (Prospero et al, 2002). However, on smaller scales, uncertainties in 25 back-tracking satellite images to locate dust sources, combined with the lack of information on dust concentration, smallscale land-surface dynamics, and magnitude of wind stress, impede resolving the exact locations of dust sources (Bullard et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introduction 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For most landscapes, dust is mainly emitted through wind-blown (aeolian) sand transport, which itself consists of two distinct processes: saltation and sandblasting (Shao, 2008). Saltation, the ballistic 15 motion of sand particles, occurs when the shear velocity over a soil surface exceeds a threshold shear velocity (Bagnold, 1941), which depends on a range of soil and land cover properties (Owen, 1964;Marticorena and Bergametti, 1995;Bullard et al, 2011;Kok et al, 2012). After saltation starts, saltator impacts on the soil surface cause the release of dust into the air; this process is typically referred to as "sandblasting" or "saltation bombardment" (Shao, 2008).…”

Section: Introduction 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fine dust emissions from active sands at coastal Oceano Dunes, California

Huang¹,

Kok²,

Martin³

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Sand dunes and other active sands generally have a low content of fine grains and, therefore, are not considered to be major dust sources in climate models. However, recent remote sensing studies have indicated that a surprisingly large fraction of dust storms are generated from regions covered by sand dunes, leading these studies to propose that sand dunes might be globally-relevant sources of dust. To help understand the dust emission potential of sand dunes and other active 15 sands, we present in situ field measurements of dust emission under natural saltation from a coastal sand sheet at Oceano Dunes in California. We find that saltation drives substantial dust emissions from this setting. Laboratory analyses of sand samples suggest that these emissions are produced by aeolian abrasion of feldspars and removal of coatings of clay minerals on sand grains. We further find that this emitted dust is substantially finer than dust emitted from non-sandy soils and dust observed in situ over North Africa. As such, dust emitted from the sand sheet, and potentially from other active sands 20 affected by similar dust emission processes, could have potent impacts on climate, the hydrological cycle, and human health.These measurements thus support the hypothesis that considerable emissions of fine dust can be generated by the reactivation of inactive dunes with accumulated clay minerals. This might occur due to future land-use changes and desertification, and is not currently represented in most climate models.

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Preferential dust sources: A geomorphological classification designed for use in global dust-cycle models

Cited by 147 publications

References 110 publications

Detection of anthropogenic dust using CALIPSO lidar measurements

Detection of anthropogenic dust using CALIPSO lidar measurements

Identification of sand and dust storm source areas in Iran

Fine dust emissions from active sands at coastal Oceano Dunes, California

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