Preferential cavitation and friction-induced heating of multi-component Diesel fuel surrogates up to 450MPa

Vidal, Alvaro; Kolovos, Konstantinos G.; Gold, Martin; Pearson, Richard; Koukouvinis, Phoevos; Gavaises, Manolis

doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.120744

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…Instead of solving the EoS for each time step, a technique similar to that described by the authors in [59] was employed. A structured thermodynamic table containing the thermodynamic properties of a multicomponent diesel fuel surrogate, as explained in [40], derived from PC-SAFT EoS [63], was utilized, as explained in [64].…”

Section: Thermodynamic Model: Thermodynamic Properties Derived From the Pc-saft Eosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tabulated data were derived for various fuel surrogates covering the range of properties occurring within high pressure fuel injectors, and thus allowing for an accurate estimation of the effects of the various fuel properties to be considered. The recent publication [40] described a more accurate way to predict the effects of various properties of a realistic multicomponent diesel surrogate at different conditions using PC-SAFT. The aim of that work was to investigate the in-nozzle flow and cavitation formation in a heavy-duty diesel injector under fixed needle valve conditions at up to 450 MPa injection pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim of the current work is to address these phenomena and to simulate the flow inside a highpressure diesel injector discharging at 180 MPa, 350 MPa, and 450 MPa of pressure. For this purpose, the explicit, density-based flow solver reported in [59] has been implemented in OpenFOAM and has been coupled with the tabulated fuel property data derived from PC-SAFT EoS, as documented in [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. All of the phases are represented by the HEM approach; the cavitation model is based on a thermodynamic multiphase equilibrium assumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Next, the flow-field for the early opening injection phase is presented, while in the final section, the results from the computational analysis are compared with the erosion pattern retrieved from the experiments. Limitations such as (i) the lack of detailed validation against experimental data, (ii) the assumption of local mechanical and thermal equilibrium adopted and (iii) the assumption of adiabatic nozzle walls have been evaluated in detail in [40], and thus they are not repeated here.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transient Cavitation and Friction-Induced Heating Effects of Diesel Fuel during the Needle Valve Early Opening Stages for Discharge Pressures up to 450 MPa

et al. 2021

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An investigation of the fuel heating, vapor formation, and cavitation erosion location patterns inside a five-hole common rail diesel fuel injector, occurring during the early opening period of the needle valve (from 2 μm to 80 μm), discharging at pressures of up to 450 MPa, is presented. Numerical simulations were performed using the explicit density-based solver of the compressible Navier–Stokes (NS) and energy conservation equations. The flow solver was combined with tabulated property data for a four-component diesel fuel surrogate, derived from the perturbed chain statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT) equation of state (EoS), which allowed for a significant amount of the fuel’s physical and transport properties to be quantified. The Wall Adapting Local Eddy viscosity (WALE) Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model was used to resolve sub-grid scale turbulence, while a cell-based mesh deformation arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) formulation was used for modelling the injector’s needle valve movement. Friction-induced heating was found to increase significantly when decreasing the pressure. At the same time, the Joule–Thomson cooling effect was calculated for up to 25 degrees K for the local fuel temperature drop relative to the fuel’s feed temperature. The extreme injection pressures induced fuel jet velocities in the order of 1100 m/s, affecting the formation of coherent vortical flow structures into the nozzle’s sac volume.

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Section: Thermodynamic Model: Thermodynamic Properties Derived From the Pc-saft Eosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Transient Cavitation and Friction-Induced Heating Effects of Diesel Fuel during the Needle Valve Early Opening Stages for Discharge Pressures up to 450 MPa

et al. 2021

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“…For this simulation, the density-based solver is employed, which uses 10 3 times smaller steps compared to the previously simulated cases, 38 where a pressure-based solver was used, and thus, better captures the dynamic effects linked with the residual fuel inside the nozzle's sac volume and injection hole during the dwelt time. Moreover, although recent studies [83][84][85] consider temperature effects, for the cases examined here, that refers to pilot injection at a rail pressure of 1600, temperature effects can be ignored. [86][87][88][89][90] The diesel properties employed in the simulations are the ones considered in the aforementioned study.…”

Section: Cavitation In a Diesel Injector With Needle Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A direct forcing immersed boundary method for cavitating flows

Stavropoulos-Vasilakis

Rodríguez

Kyriazis

et al. 2021

Numerical Methods in Fluids

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In the current study, an immersed boundary method for simulating cavitating flows with complex or moving boundaries is presented, which follows the discrete direct forcing approach. Although the immersed boundary methods are widely used in various applications of single phase, multiphase, and particulate flows, either incompressible or compressible, and numerous alternative formulations exist, to the best of the authors' knowledge, a handful of computational works employ such methodologies on cavitating flows. The herein proposed method, following previous works of the author's group, tries to fill this gap and to solidify the development of a computational tool of a simple formulation capable to tackle complex numerical problems of cavitation modeling. The method aims to be used in a wide range of applications of industrial interest and treat flows of engineering scales. Therefore, a validation of the method is performed by numerous benchmark test-cases, of progressively increasing complexity, from incompressible low Reynolds number to compressible and highly turbulent cavitating flows. K E Y W O R D Scavitation, diesel injector, direct forcing, immersed boundary method, turbulence modeling INTRODUCTIONWithin the framework of computational fluid dynamics, applications of industrial interest often refer to flows in complex geometries or around moving bodies; their simulation may be numerically challenging and computationally expensive. Many cases of cavitating flows fall into that category. For example, cavitation formation in diesel injector nozzles with moving needle, gear pumps, or propellers mounted under ship hauls, refer to problems with moving geometrical parts and include different geometrical features with wide range of length scales and topological features that impose severe constraints in mesh generation. The conventional strategy of generation of boundary-conforming grids for such problems, may become demanding and time consuming. When the numerical simulation involves moving parts with large displacements, common conformal grid strategies result in remeshing of the entire domain in every time-step, 1 or deforming the grid and adding or removing cell-layers when a desired cell size is reached. 2 In the case of marine propellers, to accommodate their rotational motion, either the entire computational domain would be rotated accordingly, 3 or a multi-region mesh would be used, which lets the part of the grid that conforms with the propeller blades to slide with regards to the global domain. 4 Another approach of over-set grids 5 (also known as Chimera grids), employs multiple overlapping 3092

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