Preferenda thermiques des champignons associés à lps sexdentatus Boern. et Tomicus piniperda L. ( Coleoptera : Scolytidae)

Lieutier, F.; Yart, Annie

doi:10.1051/forest:19890408

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This is in agreement with previously published results [15,36] and confirms the adaptation of L. wingfieldii to relatively low temperatures and thus to a beetle which starts to swarm very early in the season. The temperature-growth relationship, however, seemed to vary between isolates, and significant differences in growth on malt agar between isolates were observed.…”

Section: Variations In Growth and Virulence Between Isolates Of L Wisupporting

confidence: 82%

Variations in growth and virulence of Leptographium wingfieldii Morelet, a fungus associated with the bark beetle Tomicus piniperda L.

Lieutier¹,

Yart²,

Ye³

et al. 2004

Ann. For. Sci.

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-Growth and virulence of various isolates of Leptographium wingfieldii Morelet, isolated from Tomicus piniperda L. and galleries initiated by this insect on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) at different parts of the forest of Orléans, were compared. Six isolates were tested in 1994 and 15 in 1995. The tested parameters included the growth on malt agar at different temperatures, the ability of the fungus to stimulate the hypersensitive reaction in the phloem and to grow into the reaction zone after isolated inoculations of Scots pine trees, as well as fungal virulence to Scots pine after mass inoculations. Significant differences between isolates were observed for all parameters. These differences mainly refer to gradual variations among isolates, even though some isolates were constantly opposed to each other for all or most parameters. No obvious effect of the locality, from where the isolates had been obtained, was detected. The results suggest that the population of L. wingfieldii in the forest of Orléans consists of isolates that possess a high individual variability in growth characteristics and virulence to their host tree. Fungal growth both on malt agar and in the phloem was positively correlated with the length of the reaction zone in the phloem after isolated inoculations and with parameters related to fungal virulence after mass inoculations. Likewise, length of the reaction zone in the phloem was positively correlated to the number of killed trees and the percentage of blue stained sapwood area after mass inoculations. The results are discussed in relation to the possible origin of the variability in fungal growth and virulence, and to practical use of fungal growth on malt agar and in the phloem for screening and comparing the virulence of various isolates within the same blue stain fungal species.Leptographium wingfieldii / Tomicus piniperda / intraspecific variability / growth / virulence / tree defense reaction / temperature / Orléans Résumé -Variabilité de la croissance et de la virulence de Leptographium wingfieldii Morelet, champignon associé au Scolyte Tomicus piniperda L. La croissance et la virulence de divers isolats de Leptographium wingfieldii Morelet, isolés d'adultes de Tomicus piniperda L. et de leurs galeries provenant d'attaques récentes sur des pins sylvestres (Pinus sylvestris L.) dans différentes zones de la forêt d'Orléans, ont été comparées. Six isolats ont été considérés en 1994 et 15 en 1995. Les paramètres testés étaient la vitesse de croissance sur malt agar à diverses températures, la capacité du champignon à stimuler la réaction hypersensible du liber et à croître dans la zone de réaction après inoculations ponctuelles à des pins sylvestres, et sa virulence après inoculations massives sur Pin sylvestre. Des différences significatives entre isolats ont été observées pour tous les paramètres. Elles correspondent essentiellement à des variations graduelles, même si certains isolats étaient constamment opposés les uns aux autres pour tous ou la plupart des paramètres...

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Section: Variations In Growth and Virulence Between Isolates Of L Wisupporting

confidence: 82%

Variations in growth and virulence of Leptographium wingfieldii Morelet, a fungus associated with the bark beetle Tomicus piniperda L.

Lieutier¹,

Yart²,

Ye³

et al. 2004

Ann. For. Sci.

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“…Part of this variation should be attributed to climatic variables which could have an influence on the fungal flora associated with bark beetles (Christiansen and Glosli 1996;Lieutier and Yart 1989;Six and Bentz 2007). The differences could be attributed to the different host plant species composition in each locality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Diversity and pathogenicity of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with Tetropium species colonizing Picea abies in Poland

Jankowiak¹,

Kolařík

2010

Folia Microbiol

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The ophiostomatoid fungi associated with cerambycid beetles Tetropium spp. (their symbiotic vectors) colonizing Norway spruce in Poland (six species collected) were isolated. The virulence of representative isolates was evaluated through inoculations using 2-year-old Norway spruce seedlings. A total of 1325 isolates (Ophiostoma piceae, O. tetropii, O. minus, Grosmannia piceiperda, G. cucullata, and five other less frequent taxa) were obtained. Tetropium castaneum and T. fuscum were vectors of similar spectra of ophiostomatoid fungi although some differences in fungal frequency between these Tetropium spp. were found. Among the fungal associates of the Tetropium spp. collected only G. piceiperda was pathogenic, which suggests that it can play a role in the death of spruce trees following attack by Tetropium spp.

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“…Consequently, any factors that favor colonization of phloem by O. minus will have a negative impact on the potential reproduction of D. frontalis. Factors that might affect O. minus abundance and growth include phloem chemistry, temperature, relative humidity, and the abundance of Tarsonemus mites that are phoretic on D. frontalis adults and act as vectors of O. minus spores (Bridges and Moser 1986, Bridges 1987, Cook and Hain 1987, Lieutier and Yart 1989, Paine et al 1997.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Budgets of Phloem-Feeding Bark Beetles With and Without Symbiotic Fungi

Ayres

Wilkens

Ruel

et al. 2000

Ecology

261

165

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The nitrogen content of plant tissue is low relative to that of herbivores; as a consequence, dietary N can limit the growth and reproduction of herbivores and select for attributes that increase N acquisition. Bark beetles face a particularly severe challenge because the phloem that they consume is very low in nitrogen and phosphorus relative to their requirements. We quantified variation in the phloem concentrations of N and P in the host tree, Pinus taeda, and evaluated the following hypotheses regarding the role of symbiotic fungi in nutrient budgets of the herbivore Dendroctonus frontalis: D. frontalis experience variation in phloem nutrient concentrations across several spatial scales (H1); mycangial fungi enhance the diet of D. frontalis larvae by contributing to the acquisition of N and P (H2); Ophiostoma minus, an apparently antagonistic fungal symbiont, hinders D. frontalis larvae because it does not enhance nutrient concentrations of the phloem as much as mycangial fungi do (H3); and larvae of bark beetle species that lack mycangial fungi must consume more phloem to accomplish the same growth as larvae of D. frontalis (H4). In addition, we developed a general model for the N budgets of herbivorous insects that identifies the possible combinations of dietary and physiological parameters that can allow developmental success on low‐nutrient diets. Spatial variation in phloem N was mostly at the level of trees within sites (a scale of meters) while P mostly varied among sites (a scale of kilometers). Trees with higher N content produced larger D. frontalis adults. Prior to infestation by beetles, phloem nutrient concentrations were very uniform within trees and very low relative to that of the bark beetles (N and P concentrations of D. frontalis adults were 28 and 8 times greater, respectively). During infestation, phloem nutrient concentrations increased overall and became highly variable within trees. Nitrogen concentrations increased from 0.40 ± 0.01% (mean ± 1 se) in uninfested phloem to 0.86 ± 0.03% in the phloem surrounding successfully developing D. frontalis larvae, which are typically associated with one or two species of mutualistic mycangial fungi. Nitrogen concentrations were intermediate in other microhabitats within infested trees, including regions with no adult colonization, with failed larval development, or colonized by the antagonistic bluestain fungus O. minus. We parameterized a general nutrient‐budget model for D. frontalis and a sympatric non‐mycangial bark beetle, Ips grandicollis, which indicated that (1) mycangial fungi provide their benefits by concentrating dietary N for larvae; (2) O. minus may exert its antagonistic effects on D. frontalis larvae by failing to concentrate dietary N as much as mycangial fungi do; (3) non‐mycangial bark beetles meet their N budgets through high consumption of unaltered, low‐N phloem; and (4) larvae should easily meet their P requirements with any combination of consumption rate and development time that allows them to meet their N requirements. A...

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Preferenda thermiques des champignons associés à lps sexdentatus Boern. et Tomicus piniperda L. ( Coleoptera : Scolytidae)

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Variations in growth and virulence of Leptographium wingfieldii Morelet, a fungus associated with the bark beetle Tomicus piniperda L.

Variations in growth and virulence of Leptographium wingfieldii Morelet, a fungus associated with the bark beetle Tomicus piniperda L.

Diversity and pathogenicity of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with Tetropium species colonizing Picea abies in Poland

Nitrogen Budgets of Phloem-Feeding Bark Beetles With and Without Symbiotic Fungi

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