Preference, avoidance, motivation and their importance to fish welfare
Caroline Marques Maia,
João Luis Saraiva,
Eliane Gonçalves‐de‐Freitas
Abstract:Several studies have reported the neurophysiological and behavioural mechanisms that enable fish to experience several types of affective states, such as fear, pain and joy. This is crucial for the welfare feelings‐based approach, as conditions that bring positive or negative valence to fish influence their affective state. A method to understand to what extent fish ‘like’ or ‘dislike’ their surrounding features is by evaluating their consistent choices (preferences) and propensity to reach environmental resou… Show more
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