Preface

The investigation into new sources of energy with the highest efficiency which are derived from existing energy sources is a significant research area and is attracting a great deal of interest. Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting is a promising alternative for obtaining energy for wireless devices directly from RF energy sources in the environment. An overview of the energy harvesting concept will be discussed in detail in this paper. Energy harvesting is a very promising method for the development of self-powered electronics. Many applications, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), smart environments, the military or agricultural monitoring depend on the use of sensor networks which require a large variety of small and scattered devices. The low-power operation of such distributed devices requires wireless energy to be obtained from their surroundings in order to achieve safe, self-sufficient and maintenance-free systems. The energy harvesting circuit is known to be an interface between piezoelectric and electro-strictive loads. A modern view of circuitry for energy harvesting is based on power conditioning principles that also involve AC-to-DC conversion and voltage regulation. Throughout the field of energy conversion, energy harvesting circuits often impose electric boundaries for devices, which are important for maximizing the energy that is harvested. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) is described as the ratio between the rectifier’s output DC power and the antenna-based RF-input power (before its passage through the corresponding network).

“…The board is exposed to excessive radiation. A square half-wave patch antenna is required for a range of 7 to 8 dB [ 84 ].…”

Section: Types Of Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Types Of Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

The loop zone is indicated by A , where I represents its current, r is the distance, the angle from the plane of the loop is θ , and N is the number of loops in the case of multiple loops.…”

Section: Types Of Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Types Of Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Synthesis, Characterization and Development of Energy Harvesting Techniques Incorporated with Antennas: A Review Study

Ibrahim

Singh

Al‐Bawri

et al. 2020

“…In the case of mobile networks, the MAC method employed is the Mesh Coordination Function (MCF), which is based on a Contention Channel Random-Access procedure where limited management frames are reserved for future transmissions. The neighboring devices listen to the reservations and do not transmit during the reserved periods [ 2 ]. Once the reserved period ends, the neighboring devices can each reserve a frame.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Random-Access Accelerator (RAA): A Framework to Speed Up the Random-Access Procedure in 5G New Radio for IoT mMTC by Enabling Device-To-Device Communications

Medel

Brito

2020

Mobile networks have a great challenge by serving the expected billions of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in the upcoming years. Due to the limited simultaneous access in the mobile networks, the devices should compete between each other for resource allocation during a Random-Access procedure. This contention provokes a non-depreciable delay during the device’s registration because of the great number of collisions experienced. To overcome such a problem, a framework called Random-Access Accelerator (RAA) is proposed in this work, in order to speed up network access in massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC). RAA exploits Device-To-Device (D2D) communications, where devices with already assigned resources act like relays for the rest of devices trying to gain access in the network. The simulation results show an acceleration in the registration procedure of 99%, and a freed space of the allocated spectrum until 74% in comparison with the conventional Random-Access procedure. Besides, it preserves the same device’s energy consumption compared with legacy networks by using a custom version of Bluetooth as a wireless technology for D2D communications. The proposed framework can be taken into account for the standardization of mMTC in Fifth-Generation-New Radio (5G NR).

Path Forming of Healthcare Practitioners in an Indoor Space Using Mobile Crowdsensing

Panlaqui

Fuad

Deb

et al. 2022

While there are numerous causes of waste in the healthcare system, some of this waste is associated with inefficiency. Among the proposed solutions to address inefficiency is clinic layout optimization. Such optimization depends on how operating resources and instruments are placed in the clinic, in what order they are accessed to attain a particular task, and the mobility of clinicians between different clinic rooms to accomplish different clinic tasks. Traditionally, such optimization research involves manual monitoring by human proctors, which is time consuming, erroneous, unproductive, and subjective. If mobility patterns in an indoor space can be determined automatically in real time, layout and operation-related optimization decisions based on these patterns can be implemented accurately and continuously in a timely fashion. This paper explores this application domain where precise localization is not required; however, the determination of mobility is essential on a real-time basis. Given that, this research explores how only mobile devices and their built-in Bluetooth received signal strength indicator (RSSI) can be used to determine such mobility. With a collection of stationary mobile devices, with their computational and networking capabilities and lack of energy requirements, the mobility of moving mobile devices was determined. The research methodology involves developing two new algorithms that use raw RSSI data to create visualizations of movements across different operational units identified by stationary nodes. Compared with similar approaches, this research showcases that the method presented in this paper is viable and can produce mobility patterns in indoor spaces that can be utilized further for data analysis and visualization.