Preface to the Second Edition

Kutz, Myer

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-3455-3.00034-1

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 0 publications

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“…Condensed-phase organic radicals are ubiquitous in both natural and engineered chemical systems and play central roles in key processes such as the degradation of pollutants, weathering of materials, combustion reactions, and the oxidative evolution of atmospheric organic aerosol particles . Such organic radicals, which include alkyl (R), alkoxy (RO), and alkylperoxy (RO 2 ) species, are highly reactive and often can undergo several different reactions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Radical Reactivity in the Condensed Phase: Intermolecular versus Intramolecular Reactions of Alkoxy Radicals

Carrasquillo

Daumit

Kroll

2015

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

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Condensed-phase alkoxy (RO) radicals can undergo unimolecular (e.g., intramolecular H-atom abstraction) reactions as well as bimolecular (intermolecular H-atom abstraction) reactions, though the competition between these two channels is not well constrained. Here we examine this branching, by generating RO radicals from the photolysis of a large alkyl nitrite (C20H41ONO) in hexanes, and nebulizing the mixture into an aerosol mass spectrometer for analysis. Product ions associated with unimolecular (isomerization) reactions were observed to increase upon photolysis. However, no formation of the C20 alcohol (C20H41OH, the expected product from RO + RH reactions) was observed, suggesting that bimolecular reactions are at most a minor channel for this condensed-phase system (involving saturated hydrocarbons). This result, combined with previous studies of condensed-phase RO radicals carried out at higher concentrations, suggests that when 1,5-H-atom abstraction reactions are facile (i.e., in which a 1,5-H-atom shift from a secondary or tertiary carbon can occur), this channel will dominate over bimolecular reactions.

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confidence: 99%

Radical Reactivity in the Condensed Phase: Intermolecular versus Intramolecular Reactions of Alkoxy Radicals

Carrasquillo

Daumit

Kroll

2015

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

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“…PS is a plastic species used widely in daily life for buoys, packaging materials, cushioning agents, and thermal insulators. 41 The inverted gray triangles marked in its Raman spectrum correspond to peaks consistent with those of standard PS particles. Interestingly, 9 out of 12 PS particles coexist with Mg and Si, likely from talc used to improve the thermal stability, nucleation, and impact resistance of PS.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Interestingly, 9 out of 12 PS particles coexist with Mg and Si, likely from talc used to improve the thermal stability, nucleation, and impact resistance of PS. 41,42 Figure 2b presents PE AMP, which accounted for 3 out of 17 encountered AMP particles. PE particles were observed in the form of fragments, which are thin and transparent enough to reveal the PC substrate beneath the particles.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Single-Particle Analytical Technique for Inhalable Airborne Microplastic Particles by the Combined Use of Fluorescence Microscopy, Raman Microspectrometry, and SEM/EDX

et al. 2023

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This study presents a novel and efficient method for analyzing inhalable airborne microplastics (AMPs) in ambient PM 10 aerosols. Although many studies have been conducted on MPs in a variety of environments, the physicochemical characteristics of AMPs of inhalable size (<10 μm) in ambient PM 10 are poorly understood because of the lack of suitable analytical methods. The method employed in this study combines fluorescence microscopy, Raman microspectrometry (RMS), and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDX) for an efficient and reliable investigation of inhalable AMPs, which constitute a small portion of ambient PM 10 aerosol particles. Fluorescence microscopy and staining are used to select particles with high MP potential from ambient urban PM 10 aerosols. The combination of RMS and SEM/EDX then allows for a detailed characterization of these particles on a single-particle basis. The results of the study show that ∼0.008% of the particles collected using a PM 10 sampler had high MP potential, corresponding to ∼800 particles/m 3 . Among the stained particles of <10 μm, 27% were determined to be plastic, while the remaining 73% were found to be from tire/road wear. The number of inhalable AMPs was estimated to be 192 (±127) particles/m 3 . This study provides an important insight into the characteristics of inhalable AMPs in ambient PM 10 aerosols that are particularly critical in respect of human health and climate change. The authors highlight that the use of a single fluorescence staining method can overestimate the number of inhalable AMPs in ambient air by including tire/road wear particles. To the best of their knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the morphological and spectroscopic characteristics of the same individual inhalable AMPs.

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“…Continuous fibres in woven-based GLARE with high strength and modulus permitted more energy absorption than discontinuous fibres in CSM-based GLARE. The lower strength of the discontinuous fibres contributed to the poor impact response of CSM-based GLARE 20,62) . The damaged area and penetration depth of woven-based GLARE were considerably less than those of CSM-based GLARE and Al sheets 61) .…”

Section: Fig 7 Perforation Energy and Specific Perforation Energy Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Mechanical Properties and Response of Fibre Metal Laminate under Impact Loading (Experiment)

Awi¹,

Abdullah²

2023

Evergreen

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Fibre metal laminate (FMLs) are hybrid composite materials which consisted of metallic layers and fibre-reinforced polymer. Currently, FMLs are becoming increasingly utilized in a wide range of applications, such as aircraft, automotive, marine, sporting goods and medical due to their specific mechanical properties like superior impact resistance and fatigue resistance. ARALL (Aramid-Reinforced Aluminium Laminate), which is based on aramid fibres, GLARE (Glass Reinforced Aluminium Laminate), which is based on high-strength glass fibres and CARALL (Carbon Reinforced Aluminium Laminate), which is based on carbon fibres, are the most commercial products FMLs. This article analyzes pertinent literature associated with experimental work on FMLs and their constituent materials subjected to impact loading. It reviewed the mechanical properties, impact performance indices, crushing behavior, failure modes, and failure mechanisms of various FML structures with different variables (impact energy, fibre orientation, layup configuration, stacking sequence, metal arrangement, direction and type of reinforcement, laminate thickness, metal thickness) under impact conditions (lateral and axial impacts). Overall, the literature on the response of FML flat plate structures to axial impact loads is unreported, and the most current research focusing on the axial crushing of FML tubes. Hence, further studies are required to increase the applicability of FMLs in applications that may be impacted under axial loading.

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Preface to the Second Edition

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Radical Reactivity in the Condensed Phase: Intermolecular versus Intramolecular Reactions of Alkoxy Radicals

Radical Reactivity in the Condensed Phase: Intermolecular versus Intramolecular Reactions of Alkoxy Radicals

Novel Single-Particle Analytical Technique for Inhalable Airborne Microplastic Particles by the Combined Use of Fluorescence Microscopy, Raman Microspectrometry, and SEM/EDX

A Review on Mechanical Properties and Response of Fibre Metal Laminate under Impact Loading (Experiment)

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