Preface paper to the Semi-Arid Land-Surface-Atmosphere (SALSA) Program special issue

Goodrich, David C.; Chehbouni, Abdelghani; Goff, Bruce F.; MacNish, B.; Maddock, Thomas; Moran, Susan; Shuttleworth, W. James; Williams, David G.; Watts, Christopher R.; Hipps, L. E.; Cooper, D. I.; Schieldge, J.; Kerr, Yann H.; Arias, Hector M.; Kirkland, Matt W.; Carlos, R.C.; Cayrol, Pascale; Kepner, William G.; Jones, Bruce D.; Avissar, Roni; Bégué, Agnès; Bonnefond, JM; Boulet, G.; Branan, B.; Brunel, Jean-Pierre; Chen, L. C.; Clarke, Thomas R.; Davis, M. R.; DeBruin, H.A.R.; Dedieu, Gérard; Elguero, Eric; Eichinger, W. E.; Everitt, J. H.; Garatuza-Payan, J.; Gempko, V.; Gupta, H. V.; Harlow, Chawn; Hartogensis, Oscar; Helfert, Michael R.; Holifield, C.; Hymer, D.; Kahle, Anne B.; Keefer, T.; Krishnamoorthy, S.; Lhomme, Jean-Paul; Lagouarde, Jean‐Pierre; Seen, Danny Lo; Luquet, Delphine; Marsett, R.; Monteny, Bruno; Ni, Wanmei; Nouvellon, Yann; Pinker, R. T.; Peters, Craig M.; Pool, D. R.; Qi, J.; Rambal, Serge; Rodríguez, Julio; Santiago, Fausto; Sano, Edson Eyji; Schaeffer, Sean M.; Schulte, M.; Scott, Russell L.; Shao, Xuan‐Min; Snyder, Keirith A.; Sorooshian, Soroosh; Unkrich, Carl L.; Whitaker, Martha P. L.; Yücel, İsmail

doi:10.1016/s0168-1923(00)00178-7

Cited by 55 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Annual rainfall in the Upper San Pedro ranges from 300 to 750 mm yr Ϫ1 (Goodrich et al 2000). The mean annual (1 July 1893-31 July 2003 for Tombstone, Arizona) precipitation in the watershed is estimated at 356 mm yr…”

Section: B Hydroclimatologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growing interest in the study of semiarid systems has led to the formation of several interdisciplinary groups instituted to furthering the understanding of hydrologic, ecologic, and atmospheric processes in semiarid basins, including the Semi-Arid Land-SurfaceAtmosphere (SALSA) program (Goodrich et al 2000) and, more recently, the National Science Foundation (NSF)-funded Science and Technology Center on the Sustainability of Semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas (SAHRA) (Sorooshian et al 2002). Under these programs, several flux tower and data collection sites have been set up to investigate the coupling of surface and climate processes and to investigate the interactions of surface and groundwater systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several distinct climate periods in the Southwest-the winter period, which receives a significant portion of the annual precipitation, a distinct dry season in spring (March through June), and the summer monsoon, typically from July through September, which brings convective storms to the region and typically delivers over half of the annual rainfall. Potential evaporation rates in the lower parts of the basin are estimated to be 10 times the annual rainfall (Goodrich et al 2000). Statistics were gathered on the temporal variability of the precipitation time series on the two sites.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluation and Transferability of the Noah Land Surface Model in Semiarid Environments

Hogue

Bastidas

Gupta

et al. 2005

Journal of Hydrometeorology

126

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This paper investigates the performance of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Noah land surface model at two semiarid sites in southern Arizona. The goal is to evaluate the transferability of calibrated parameters (i.e., direct application of a parameter set to a "similar" site) between the sites and to analyze model performance under the various climatic conditions that can occur in this region. A multicriteria, systematic evaluation scheme is developed to meet these goals. Results indicate that the Noah model is able to simulate sensible heat, ground heat, and ground temperature observations with a high degree of accuracy, using the optimized parameter sets. However, there is a large influx of moist air into Arizona during the monsoon period, and significant latent heat flux errors are observed in model simulations during these periods. The use of proxy site parameters (transferred parameter set), as well as traditional default parameters, results in diminished model performance when compared to a set of parameters calibrated specifically to the flux sites. Also, using a parameter set obtained from a longer-time-frame calibration (i.e., a 4-yr period) results in decreased model performance during nonstationary, short-term climatic events, such as a monsoon or El Niño. Although these results are specific to the sites in Arizona, it is hypothesized that these results may hold true for other case studies. In general, there is still the opportunity for improvement in the representation of physical processes in land surface models for semiarid regions. The hope is that rigorous model evaluation, such as that put forth in this analysis, and studies such as the Project for the Intercomparison of Land-Surface Processes (PILPS) San Pedro-Sevilleta, will lead to advances in model development, as well as parameter estimation and transferability, for use in long-term climate and regional environmental studies.

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Section: B Hydroclimatologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation and Transferability of the Noah Land Surface Model in Semiarid Environments

Hogue

Bastidas

Gupta

et al. 2005

Journal of Hydrometeorology

126

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“…Different land uses would have some effects on the regional climate due to the land surfaceatmosphere processes (Fu and Yuan, 2001). However, land surface-atmosphere processes in arid and semiarid areas have received much less attention compared with those in other regions (Goodrich et al, 2000;Baldocchi et al, 2001;Veenendaal et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-year variations of water, energy and CO2 fluxes of cropland and degraded grassland surfaces in a semi-arid area of Northeastern China

Liu

et al. 2008

Adv. Atmos. Sci.

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Based on 3 years of the eddy covariance (EC) observations on degraded grassland and cropland surfaces in a semi-arid area of Tongyu (44 • 25 N, 122• 52 E, 184 m a.s.l.), Northeast China, seasonal and annual variations of water, energy and CO2 fluxes have been investigated. The soil moisture in the thin soil layer (at 0.05, 0.10 and 0.20 m) clearly indicates the pronounced annual wet-dry cycle; the annual cycle is divided into the wet (growing season) and dry seasons (non-growing season). During the growing season (from May to September), the sensible and latent heat fluxes showed a linear dependence on the global solar radiation. However, in the non-growing season, the latent heat flux was always less than 50 W m −2 , while the available energy was dissipated as sensible, rather than latent heat flux. During the growing season in 2003-05, the daily average sensible and latent heat fluxes were larger on the cropland surface than on the degraded grassland surface. The cropland ecosystem absorbed more CO2 than the degraded grassland ecosystem in the growing season in 2003-05. The total evapotranspiration on the cropland was more than the total precipitation, while the total evapotranspiration on the degraded grassland was almost the same as the total annual precipitation in the growing season. The soil moisture had a good correlation with the rainfall in the growing season. Precipitation in the growing season is an important factor on the water and carbon budget in the semi-arid area.Key words: water, energy and flux, semi-arid area, eddy covariance, seasonal and annual variation Citation: Liu, H. Z., G. Tu, C. B. Fu, and L. Q. Shi, 2008: Three-year variations of water, energy and fluxes of cropland and degraded grassland surfaces in a semi-arid area of northeastern China.

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“…The semi-arid land-surface-atmosphere (SALSA) program seeks to evaluate the consequences of natural and human-induced changes in semi-arid environments (Renard et al, 1993;Goodrich and Simanton, 1995;Goodrich et al, 2000). Current SALSA research is focused on the Upper San Pedro Basin (USPB) which spans the border area between northern Sonora, remote sensing methods that estimate surface parameters.…”

Section: Site and Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite estimates of surface radiative fluxes for the extended San Pedro Basin: sensitivity to aerosols

Pinker

2000

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

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Surface downwelling and upwelling radiative fluxes are important inputs into hydrologic models that evaluate water budgets, and into land surface data assimilation schemes which are driven with radiative fluxes. For large-scale needs, only remote sensing methods can provide such information. The accuracy of the derived fluxes depends on the inference schemes and on the quality of auxiliary input parameters. At present, information on surface short-wave (SW) radiative fluxes over the United States is produced in real time by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS) at 0.5 • resolution, at hourly time intervals, using independently derived auxiliary inputs. Information on aerosol properties and their temporal variability is not available, and at best, is only estimated. During 1997 information on aerosol optical properties was collected at the USDA-Agricultural Research Service Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, Arizona, in preparation for future validation efforts in support of new satellite observations (e.g., ADEOS-II). This data set was used to test the sensitivity of a radiation inference scheme to aerosols, in particular, on the determination of clear sky fluxes and the surface albedo. Data from the Arizona meteorological network (AZMET) have been utilized to evaluate the satellite estimates for 1997. It was found that the current satellite estimates are within 70 W m −2 of the ground observations on an hourly time scale and within 24 W m −2 on a daily time scale. In the latter case this is less than 10% of the mean. Use of actual observations of aerosols, as compared to climatological values, reduces the bias substantially, while less significant changes in the r.m.s. were found.

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Preface paper to the Semi-Arid Land-Surface-Atmosphere (SALSA) Program special issue

Cited by 55 publications

References 43 publications

Evaluation and Transferability of the Noah Land Surface Model in Semiarid Environments

Evaluation and Transferability of the Noah Land Surface Model in Semiarid Environments

Three-year variations of water, energy and CO2 fluxes of cropland and degraded grassland surfaces in a semi-arid area of Northeastern China

Satellite estimates of surface radiative fluxes for the extended San Pedro Basin: sensitivity to aerosols

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