Preface: Earth system evolution of the Pacific and Indian oceans and the South China Sea

Li, Sanzhong; Li, Guangxue; Liu, Xin; Somerville, Ian D.

doi:10.1002/gj.2812

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…The SCS is an important marginal sea that lies in the south of China, at the intersection of the Eurasian Plate, Indo‐Australian Plate, Pacific Plate, and Philippine Sea Plate (Figure 1; Li, Li, Liu, & Somerville, 2016; Taylor & Hayes, 1980; Wang & Li, 2009). The study area is located in the northeastern part of the SCS.…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and genesis of submarine landslides in the northeastern South China Sea

et al. 2020

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Submarine landslide is a widespread marine geohazard and an important part of the global ‘source to sink’ system. In this article, multi‐channel seismic and topographic data are utilized to investigate the distribution, calculate the geomorphologic parameters, and discuss the genesis of the submarine landslides in the northeastern South China Sea. In the study area, which can be divided into two tectonic provinces: passive continental margin province and accretionary wedge province, 101 landslides are identified, with a total size of 2,358.22 km2. Statistics show that most landslides are of small sizes (<15 km2) and developed along small slope gradient regions. There is a high correlation between the slope gradient and the ratio of headscarp height to runout distance. The size and runout distance of landslide also correlate well. However, there is a low correlation coefficient including slope gradient versus runout distance and slope gradient versus size. The distribution of submarine landslides is consistent with that of bottom simulating reflections (BSRs) and seabed activities, which may imply a possible inner correlation among them. The calculated base of gas hydrate stability zone (BGHSZ) pinches out the seafloor at about 555–556 m below the sea level, where most of the landslide headscarps are located. And the BGHSZ depths are often shallower than the BSRs bottom depths in the upper slope area. Combined with previous studies, we consider that the influence factors of submarine landslides in the study area are earthquakes, canyons, seabed fluid activities, and gas hydrate dissociation. Gas hydrate dissociation is a global influence factor in the study area. In the passive continental margin province, the submarine landslides are mainly canyon‐associated landslides. While in the accretionary wedge province, they are mainly controlled by seabed fluid activities and earthquakes.

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Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and genesis of submarine landslides in the northeastern South China Sea

et al. 2020

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“…The basin borders oceanic crust of the SCS and is situated east of offshore eastern Central Vietnam, south of the Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins and north of the Wanan Basin (Fyhn et al, ; Morley, ; J. Zhu, Li, Sun, & Li, ). During formation and evolution, the basin, which has complex geological characteristics, was not only controlled by the interaction among the Pacific, India‐Australia, and Eurasia plates but was also affected by seafloor spreading in the SCS (Briais, Patriat, & Tapponnier, ; Li, Li, Liu, & Somerville, ; Tapponnier, Peltzer, Dain, Armijo, & Cobbold, ; Xia et al, ).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of mud volcanoes in the northern Zhongjiannan Basin, western South China Sea

et al. 2018

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Mud volcanoes are important to understand hydrocarbon research and exploration, crustal movement and neotectonic activity, geological engineering, and climate change. They are widely distributed along the Alps-Tethys suture zone, the Pacific belt, and continental slopes. Previous detailed studies on mud volcanoes concentrated mostly on onshore areas. Recent developments in geophysical technology have opened vast deepwater areas for research on mud volcanoes. Based on multibeam bathymetry, multichannel seismic reflection, gravity, and magnetics data, mud volcanoes in the northern Zhongjiannan Basin have been studied comprehensively and systematically. Abundant mud volcanoes were found in the whole Northern Depression of the basin, not only in the Zhongjian Valley but also in the Rizhao Valley, with different sizes, morphologies, and eruption intensities. Five types of mud volcanoes are identified in the study area, which include the following: deep source high-energy large-size mud volcanoes, shallow source lowenergy small-size mud volcanoes, budding mud volcanoes (mud diapir), mud volcanoes related to canyon and bottom current channels, and mud volcanoes related to pockmarks and gas chimneys. At the developmental scale, the distribution and type of mud volcanoes (diapirs) in the Zhongjiannan Basin are obviously different than those in the Yinggehai Basin, which is famous for the development of a large number of large mud diapirs in the North-western South China Sea. The region's tectonic and sedimentary environment is the main controlling factor of the development of mud volcanoes. Three sets of Tertiary thick mudstones in the Zhongjiannan Basin are the material basis for the formation of mud volcanoes. Overpressured fluid, generated from the combined factors of undercompaction, hydrocarbon generation, hydrothermal pressurization,and tectonic compression, is the driving force of the eruption of mud volcanoes. Furthermore, earthquakes that occurred in the surrounding areas of the Zhongjiannan Basin are the triggering mechanism of mud volcano eruptions.

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“…The timing of brittle deformation is critical to understanding regional deformation, crustal evolution, and plate tectonics. However, directly dating brittle deformation remains difficult (e.g., Li, Li, Liu, & Somerville, 2016; Maino et al, 2015; van der Pluijm, Hall, Vrolijk, Pevear, & Covey, 2001; Wells, Snee, & Blythe, 2000) because the common lack of dateable syntectonic minerals in crustal faults strongly limits the application of radiometric dating (van der Pluijm et al, 2001). If having dateable minerals with enough radiogenic element within the fault, radiometric dating could be applied to date the timing of the fault.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The timing of brittle deformation: An example from the Cenozoic faults in the Youjiang fold‐thrust belt in southwestern China

et al. 2020

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The Cenozoic evolution of SE Asia is marked by thousands of kilometres extension on the continental margin, including normal faults, half-grabens, and volcanic rocks, but dating of brittle faults in the shallow crust is difficult because of a lack of synkinematic minerals. The Cenozoic extension in the Youjiang fold-thrust belt in southwest China is marked by brittle normal faults and half-grabens filled with Paleogene sediments in the region. Here, we identified a strongly weathered mafic sill that was truncated by normal faults in the fold-thrust belt and present the age and chemistry of zircons from a weathered sill. The zircons from the sill yielded a mean age of 35 Ma. Integrating cross-cutting relationship and zircon U-Pb dating suggest that the Cenozoic extension was initiated later than~35 Ma in Youjiang fold-thrust belt in southwest China. Combined with structural analysis and previous fission track data in the region, we suggest that the normal faults in this study provide evidence of surface fault activity of Cenozoic extension in SE Asia caused by retreat of a trench system. Furthermore, this study provides a case study to discuss how to decipher brittle normal faulting using zircon geochronology and structural and textural analysis from the mesoscale to the microscale.

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Preface: Earth system evolution of the Pacific and Indian oceans and the South China Sea

Cited by 4 publications

References 87 publications

Distribution and genesis of submarine landslides in the northeastern South China Sea

Distribution and genesis of submarine landslides in the northeastern South China Sea

Characterization of mud volcanoes in the northern Zhongjiannan Basin, western South China Sea

The timing of brittle deformation: An example from the Cenozoic faults in the Youjiang fold‐thrust belt in southwestern China

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