Preface: Climate extremes and biogeochemical cycles in the terrestrial biosphere: impacts and feedbacks across scales

Bahn, Michael; Reichstein, Markus; Guan, Kaiyu; Moreno, José M.; Williams, C. A.

doi:10.5194/bg-12-4827-2015

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Long-term declines in grassland productivity had been driven by increased dryness over four decades; to some extent, the water use efficiency that increased through CO 2 enrichment in grasslands may have slightly moderated the decline in production of native C3 grasslands, while variations in N had no effects [13]. So it seems that extreme droughts may change the structure, composition, and functionality of terrestrial ecosystems, thereby influencing C cycling and its feedback to the climate system [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought and Carbon Cycling of Grassland Ecosystems under Global Change: A Review

Lei

Pang

Xing-yong

et al. 2016

Water

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Abstract:In recent years, the increased intensity and duration of droughts have dramatically altered the structure and function of grassland ecosystems, which have been forced to adapt to this change in climate. Combinations of global change drivers such as elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration, warming, nitrogen (N) deposition, grazing, and land-use change have influenced the impact that droughts have on grassland C cycling. This influence, to some extent, can modify the relationship between droughts and grassland carbon (C) cycling in the multi-factor world. Unfortunately, prior reviews have been primarily anecdotal from the 1930s to the 2010s. We investigated the current state of the study on the interactive impacts of multiple factors under drought scenarios in grassland C cycling and provided scientific advice for dealing with droughts and managing grassland C cycling in a multi-factor world. Currently, adequate information is not available on the interaction between droughts and global change drivers, which would advance our understanding of grassland C cycling responses. It was determined that future experiments and models should specifically test how droughts regulate grassland C cycling under global changes. Previous multi-factor experiments of current and future global change conditions have studied various drought scenarios poorly, including changes in precipitation frequency and amplitude, timing, and interactions with other global change drivers. Multi-factor experiments have contributed to quantifying these potential changes and have provided important information on how water affects ecosystem processes under global change. There is an urgent need to establish a systematic framework that can assess ecosystem dynamic responses to droughts under current and future global change and human activity, with a focus on the combined effects of droughts, global change drivers, and the corresponding hierarchical responses of an ecosystem.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought and Carbon Cycling of Grassland Ecosystems under Global Change: A Review

Lei

Pang

Xing-yong

et al. 2016

Water

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“…The equilibrium concentration of ionic pair was replaced in equations 1-6 with its value according to relevant dissociation constant from equations (7)(8)(9). The system of equations of material balance of ions was transformed as follows.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The equilibrium concentrations of ion pairs were determined according equations for dissociation constants (7)(8)(9).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ion’s Association in Soil Solution among the Drivers of Biogeosystem Dynamics

Endovitsky¹,

Andreev²,

Minkina³

et al. 2015

Biogeosystem Technique

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Biogeosystem change is linked to ion's association in soil solution. The concern of carbon sequestration problem is a soil as carbon sink drain. The carbonate calcium equilibrium (CCE) in soil solutions is important to characterize the degree soil solutions saturation with CaCO3 as a factor of terrestrial system carbonate geochemical cycle. CCE depends on the state of the chemical composition, pH, Eh, buffering properties of soil liquid phase, dissolution, migration, precipitation of carbonates in the soil profile and landscape, ion exchange processes at the interface of solid and liquid phases. At high ionic force in soil solution are formed electrically neutral ion pairs СаСО3°; CaSO4°, MgCO3°, MgSO4°, charged ion pairs CaHCO3 + , MgHCO3 + , NaCO3 -, NaSO4 -, CaOH + , MgOH + .The object of research -Southern Russia; saline chestnut soil, dry steppe zone; non-saline chernozem, steppe zone. The soil solution was extracted from soil layers 0-150 cm. Composition of soil solution was determined using standard analytical methods. The soil system is the object of mathematical thermodynamic modeling, because it is impossible to remove the solution from dry soil, on the other hand, the extraction of solution change the chemical equilibrium in solution. The approach to soil disperse system model is proposed as a discreet partially insulated form one another microwater-basins on the internal surfaces of soil. This approach gives a new understanding of water-salt transfer, geochemical barrier functions and ecological properties of soil.On the basis of CCE algorithm, the computer programs were developed to calculate the real equilibrium ion forms and determine the nature of carbonate-calcium balance in the soil solution. The mathematical model shows the real state of associated ions at different ionic strength of low saline and saline soil solution. The concentration of free and associated macro-ion forms were calculated in iteration procedure according analytical ion concentration considering ion material balance, linear interpolation of equilibrium constants, method of ionic pairs, laws of: initial Biogeosystem Technique, 2015, Vol.(5), Is. 3 268 concentration preservation, operating masses of equilibrium system. Concentration constants of ion pairs dissociation were calculated following the law of operating masses. Were determined the quantity of ion free form and coefficient of ion association γe as a ratio of ions free form to its analytical contents e ass an C / C  . The association of ions is higher in saline soil layers. Depending on composition and ionic force c of soil solution in the form of ionic pairs

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“…This issue consists of 17 articles: 6 on extreme climate events and 11 on disturbances. This special issue, along with the special issue on climate extremes and biogeochemical cycles in Biogeosciences (Bahn et al, 2015), reflects recent advances in assessing how ECE&D influence terrestrial carbon cycling. We feel that the authors have provided a timely and valuable contribution to the research communities of carbon cycle and global change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preface: Impacts of extreme climate events and disturbances on carbon dynamics

Xiao

Stoy

2016

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. The impacts of extreme climate events and disturbances (ECE&D) on the carbon cycle have received growing attention in recent years. This special issue showcases a collection of recent advances in understanding the impacts of ECE&D on carbon cycling. Notable advances include quantifying how harvesting activities impact forest structure, carbon pool dynamics, and recovery processes; observed drastic increases of the concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and dissolved methane in thermokarst lakes in western Siberia during a summer warming event; disentangling the roles of herbivores and fire on forest carbon dioxide flux; direct and indirect impacts of fire on the global carbon balance; and improved atmospheric inversion of regional carbon sources and sinks by incorporating disturbances. Combined, studies herein indicate several major research needs. First, disturbances and extreme events can interact with one another, and it is important to understand their overall impacts and also disentangle their effects on the carbon cycle. Second, current ecosystem models are not skillful enough to correctly simulate the underlying processes and impacts of ECE&D (e.g., tree mortality and carbon consequences). Third, benchmark data characterizing the timing, location, type, and magnitude of disturbances must be systematically created to improve our ability to quantify carbon dynamics over large areas. Finally, improving the representation of ECE&D in regional climate/earth system models and accounting for the resulting feedbacks to climate are essential for understanding the interactions between climate and ecosystem dynamics.

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Preface: Climate extremes and biogeochemical cycles in the terrestrial biosphere: impacts and feedbacks across scales

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

Drought and Carbon Cycling of Grassland Ecosystems under Global Change: A Review

Drought and Carbon Cycling of Grassland Ecosystems under Global Change: A Review

Ion’s Association in Soil Solution among the Drivers of Biogeosystem Dynamics

Preface: Impacts of extreme climate events and disturbances on carbon dynamics

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