Preface

In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial activity of five sealers used in root canal therapy

“…[1] Enterococcus faecalis with an incidence rate of 22%–77% is known to be resistant to treatment and most common cause of root canal treatment failure. [2] E. faecalis can penetrate into the dentinal tubules, survive in high pH, and endure starvation, which leads to the secondary infection.…”

Conservative Treatment of an Invaginated Maxillary Lateral Incisor with a C-Shaped Canal Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography: A case report

“…The frequency of C-shaped canals varies from 2.7% to 44.5% in mandibular second molar in different population [5,6]. This anatomic variation can be found in mandibular first and third molars, maxillary molars and first premolars, and rarely in maxillary laterals [3].…”

“…These abnormalities are common findings in maxillary lateral incisor. There are usually great variations in the shape of the crown, and also number and shape of the roots maxillary lateral incisors with 2 or more (6.6%) roots have been reported in the literature [3,4].…”

“…Failure in connection of this sheath through the lingual or buccal surface can cause c-shape roots and canals. Also, c-shaped roots may be created by coalescence because of cement deposition through the time [3]. The frequency of C-shaped canals varies from 2.7% to 44.5% in mandibular second molar in different population [5,6].…”

Accidental injection of sodium hypochlorite instead of local anesthetic in a patient scheduled for endodontic procedure

“…Its tissue dissolving action and efficacy against a broad spectrum of organisms have been documented in many textbooks. 1 We present here a case of accidental injection of hypochlorite instead of the anesthetic solution. This was treated immediately by the submucosal injection of steroid to reduce the inflammation leading to satisfactory wound healing with minimum complications.…”