Preface

Abstract

the Hungarian Chemical Society organized this meeting. PERMEA international membrane meetings have gained an international reputation and become one of the creative conferences in the fields of preparation and production of membranes, assessment of their separation properties, utilization of membranes for various separation problems, and introduction of new technological procedures to protect the environment. The goal of the conference series has always been to give an overview of the most exciting progress in the field of membrane technology and researchers and professionals from industry.The international scientific committee greeted 110 participants coming from 17 countries. Honoured representatives of the organizing organizations: Prof.

Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1743-1817), a Great, Somewhat Forgotten, Chemist

“…(Lavoisier considered the "earths" as elementary -lime, magnesia, soda, potash, barite -as there were no resources to isolate the metal from them, but he suggested the possibility that in the future they would prove to be composed). There is a controversy between Klaproth and the Hungarian chemist Antal Ruprecht (1748-1814) about the conversion of oxides into metals, the "metallization" or thermal reduction of the "earths" [15] . Considering that the calces are metal oxides, and given the then-known possibility of obtaining the metals manganese (Gahn, 1774) and molybdenum (Hjelm, 1781) by reduction with coal, Ruprecht, a professor at the Schemnitz School of Mines, intended to be this reaction a general reaction of metal oxides.…”