Preface

Delves, Peter J.; Roitt, Ivan M.

doi:10.1016/b0-12-226765-6/00703-9

Cited by 23 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…For adaptive immunity, three standard tests based on humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were conducted to determine: i) antigen-specific antibody production, ii) IFN-γ release by peripheral blood lymphocytes and iii) cell infiltration into the skin [8]. None of the treated groups exhibited humoral responses at 0, 15 and 43 dpt) (Fig 1A).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Lytic Efficiency of Bovine Macrophages Trained with Killed Mycobacteria

et al. 2016

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Innate immunity is evolutionarily conserved in multicellular organisms and was considered to lack memory until very recently. One of its more characteristic mechanisms is phagocytosis, the ability of cells to engulf, process and eventually destroy any injuring agent. We report the results of an ex vivo experiment in bovine macrophages in which improved clearance of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) was induced by pre-exposure to a heat killed M. bovis preparation. The effects were independent of humoral and cellular adaptive immune responses and lasted up to six months. Specifically, our results demonstrate the existence of a training effect in the lytic phase of phagocytosis that can be activated by killed mycobacteria, thus suggesting a new mechanism of vaccine protection. These findings are compatible with the recently proposed concept of trained immunity, which was developed to explain the observation that innate immune responses provide unspecific protection against pathogens including other than those that originally triggered the immune response.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Lytic Efficiency of Bovine Macrophages Trained with Killed Mycobacteria

et al. 2016

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“…The protein has stimulatory actions on B cells and may function as a switching factor for the production of IgG4 in humans. 50 Recently, two research groups have concluded that increased IL-10 production causes the immuno-suppression that allows viruses to persist unchecked by the immune system, and by administering a therapeutic antibody to block IL-10 action, the ability of the immune system to clear persistent viruses can be restored. 51 There is also evidence that these effects were not human-specific, because in mice, IL-10 overexpression allows infections such as tuberculosis to persist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended IL10 haplotypes and their association with HIV progression to AIDS

et al. 2009

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Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a pleiotropic cytokine with both immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory functions. Its roles in infections and autoimmunity may have resulted in selective pressures on polymorphisms within the gene, leading to genomic coexistence of several semi-conserved haplotypes involved with diverse pathogen interactions during genomic evolution. Previous studies focused either exclusively on promoter haplotypes or on individual SNPs. We genotyped 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human IL10 gene and examined this variation compared to other mammalian species sequences. Haplotype heterogeneity in human populations is centered around ‘classic’ ‘proximal’ promoter polymorphisms: –592, –819 and –1082. High-producing GCC haplotypes are by far the most numerous and diverse group, the intermediate IL-10 producing ACC-inclusive haplotypes seem to be related most closely to the ancestral haplotype, and the ATA-inclusive haplotypes cluster a separate branch with strong bootstrap support. We looked at associations of corresponding haplotypes with HIV progression. A haplotype trend regression confirmed that individuals carrying the low-producing ATA-inclusive haplotypes in European Americans progress to AIDS faster, and most likely explain the role of IL10. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that existing polymorphisms in this gene may reflect a balance of historic adaptive responses to autoimmune, infectious and other disease agents.

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“…In contrast, immunopotentiation represents an enhancement of the immune response by increasing its rate or prolonging its duration which is also useful in conditions like immunodeficiency diseases [5].…”

Section: A Rt I C L E I N F O Abstractmentioning

confidence: 99%