Preface

Mansfield, Paul Jackson; Neumann, Donald A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-54498-6.05001-3

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…From this image of poor shoulder girdle posture, it is postulated that these individuals are experiencing the phenomenon known as the ‘ineffective static passive locking mechanism of the glenohumeral joint’. Mansfield and Neumann ( 2015 ) describe the ineffective static locking mechanism as occurring because of scapular depression and downward rotation because of the laxed superior glenohumeral capsule and eccentrically lengthened trapezius and rhomboid muscles. This creates an abnormal force-couple relationship between the lengthened trapezius and the shortened pectoralis minor in the frontal plane (Mansfield & Neumann 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mansfield and Neumann ( 2015 ) describe the ineffective static locking mechanism as occurring because of scapular depression and downward rotation because of the laxed superior glenohumeral capsule and eccentrically lengthened trapezius and rhomboid muscles. This creates an abnormal force-couple relationship between the lengthened trapezius and the shortened pectoralis minor in the frontal plane (Mansfield & Neumann 2015 ). The shortened pectoralis minor muscles also produce a sunken chest and kyphosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the sagittal plane, the rounded shoulder suggests pectoralis minor and serratus anterior contractures as well as lengthened rhomboids. Furthermore, the humeral head is depressed and internally rotated indicating subscapularis contracture (Mansfield & Neumann 2015 ). The ineffective static locking mechanism decreases the impingement interval space between the humeral head and the coracoamical arch and this reduced impingement interval spacing produces compression of the sub-acrominal bursa, supraspinatus and biceps brachii (Mansfield & Neumann 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the humeral head is depressed and internally rotated indicating subscapularis contracture (Mansfield & Neumann 2015 ). The ineffective static locking mechanism decreases the impingement interval space between the humeral head and the coracoamical arch and this reduced impingement interval spacing produces compression of the sub-acrominal bursa, supraspinatus and biceps brachii (Mansfield & Neumann 2015 ). The aforementioned biomechanical cascade of events explains the pathomechanics of shoulder impingement, sub-acrominal bursitis, rotator cuff injury (supraspinatus tear) and biceps tendinopathy (Mansfield & Neumann 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ineffective static locking mechanism decreases the impingement interval space between the humeral head and the coracoamical arch and this reduced impingement interval spacing produces compression of the sub-acrominal bursa, supraspinatus and biceps brachii (Mansfield & Neumann 2015 ). The aforementioned biomechanical cascade of events explains the pathomechanics of shoulder impingement, sub-acrominal bursitis, rotator cuff injury (supraspinatus tear) and biceps tendinopathy (Mansfield & Neumann 2015 ). It is recommended that symmetrical strengthening of the trapezius, rhomboid, teres minor and infraspinatus muscles and stretching of the subscapularis, pectoralis minor and serratus anterior be undertaken in order to restore correct shoulder girdle posture, increasing the impingement interval space, thereby alleviating soft tissue sub-coracoamical arch compression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The health benefits and constraints of exercise therapy for wheelchair users: A clinical commentary

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThere are approximately 1 billion people living with chronic lower limb disability, many of whom are wheelchair users.ObjectivesReview cardiometabolic and neuromuscular risk profiles of wheelchair users, benefits of regular exercise and the causes of neuromuscular upper limb and hip injuries that hinder regular adherence.MethodLiterature published between 2013 and 2017 was adopted according to the standard practices for systematic reviews (PRISMA) through Crossref Metadata and Google Scholar searches. Individual paper quality was evaluated using a modified Downs and Black Appraisal Scale.ResultsThe literature search identified 16 600 papers which were excluded if they were non-English, non-peer-reviewed or published before 2013. Finally, 25 papers were accepted, indicating that sedentary wheelchair users have poor cardiometabolic risk profiles (PCMRP) because of a lack of physical activity, limiting their quality of life, characterised by low self-esteem, social isolation and depression. Their predominant mode of physical activity is through upper limb exercises, which not only improves their cardiometabolic risk profiles but also precipitates neuromuscular upper limb overuse injuries. The primary cause of upper limb injuries was attributed to poor wheelchair propulsion related to incorrect chair setup and poor cardiorespiratory fitness.ConclusionWheelchair users have a high body mass index, body fat percentage and serum lipid, cholesterol and blood glucose concentrations. Empirical investigations illustrate exercise improves their PCMRP and cardiorespiratory fitness levels. Although literature encourages regular exercise, none discusses the need to individualise chair setup in order to eliminate wheelchair pathomechanics and upper limb neuromuscular injuries. Wheelchair users must be encouraged to consult a biokineticist or physiotherapist to review their wheelchair setup so as to eliminate possible incorrect manual wheelchair propulsion biomechanics and consequent overuse injuries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The health benefits and constraints of exercise therapy for wheelchair users: A clinical commentary

et al. 2017

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Assistive Technology for Real-Time Fall Prevention During Walking: Evaluation of the Effect of an Intelligent Foot Orthosis

Yamamoto,

Itami,

Kawabata

et al. 2024

Journal of Engineering and Science in Medical Diagnostics and Therapy

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We present an intelligent foot orthosis (IFO) designed to prevent lateral falls during walking by employing a magnetorheological (MR) fluid brake. This study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed orthosis in fall prevention. Seventeen healthy adults underwent four conditions: (1) without IFO, (2) with IFO and current-OFF, (3) with IFO current-ON, and (4) with IFO and control-ON. Gait was assessed by three-dimensional motion capture and with ground reaction force. Postural changes on the frontal plane were measured, and the mediolateral center of gravity and center of pressure inclination angle (ML COG-COP IA) was calculated. Additionally, tibialis anterior (TA) and peroneus longus (PL) muscle activity during walking were measured using surface electromyography. Results indicate a significant increase in ML COG-COP IA in (3). No significant differences were found in muscle activity between conditions. The study suggests that the posture's deviation from the lateral fall direction in (3) is primarily due to wearing the IFO, emphasizing human postural control over muscle activity. A negative correlation between ML COG-COP IA and TA muscle activity under (4), implies that individuals with lower TA muscle activity may benefit more from IFO fall prevention. In conclusion, the study demonstrates the feasibility of preventing lateral falls in human walking using the proposed orthosis with an MR fluid brake. The general efficacy of the orthosis in lateral fall prevention is suggested, emphasizing the need for further development.

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Sexual Dimorphism Impact on the Ground Reaction Force Acting on the Mediolateral Direction During Level Walking: Hip Abductor Muscle Biomechanics and Its Correlation to GRF Moment Arm

Abd-Eltawab

Ameer

Eladl

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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The female pelvis morphology represents an evolved compensation between two opposing needs: a broad pelvis enough to deliver a sizeable brained offspring while remaining narrow enough to allow for effective bipedal gait. The precise expectation of hip abductor force generation is critical in anthropological studies and experimental practice of human stride mechanics. Hip implants and surgical procedures for hip anatomy reconstruction are based on the static single-leg stance paradigm. The current work investigated the impact of sexual dimorphism on the ground reaction force (GRF) acting on the mediolateral direction during level walking, emphasizing the difference in hip abductor muscle biomechanics and its correlation to ground reaction force moment arm, R. The ground reaction force in the mediolateral direction, hip abduction and adduction moments during the gait cycle and ground reaction force moment arm, R were measured. The current study concludes that the male individuals exhibit significantly higher mass-specific mediolateral ground reaction force during level walking. In contrast, hip abductor moments/kg body weight, medialization of the trochanter, R, and hip coronal were more significant in female individuals. We conclude that increased abductor moment and medialization of the greater trochanter will increase R, hip coronal and decrease abductor moment arm, r, in female individuals, affecting the effective mechanical advantage (EMA) of hip abductors in single-limb stance during level walking.

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Preface

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

The health benefits and constraints of exercise therapy for wheelchair users: A clinical commentary

The health benefits and constraints of exercise therapy for wheelchair users: A clinical commentary

Assistive Technology for Real-Time Fall Prevention During Walking: Evaluation of the Effect of an Intelligent Foot Orthosis

Sexual Dimorphism Impact on the Ground Reaction Force Acting on the Mediolateral Direction During Level Walking: Hip Abductor Muscle Biomechanics and Its Correlation to GRF Moment Arm

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