Preface

Stauffer, Éric; Dolan, Julia A.; Newman, Reta

doi:10.1016/b978-012663971-1.50002-6

Cited by 4 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 0 publications

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“…These bands, corresponding to C–H stretching of alkanes, present higher intensity because these compounds are more abundant in diesel fuel than in gasoline. 3 The bands in the range 1600–1475 cm −1 may correspond with the stretching mode of aromatic rings, although the proportion of aromatic compounds is considerably lower in diesel fuel 3 and the C–H bend bands of alkanes at around 1500–1300 cm −1 can also be seen. However, differences are observed around 1400–1300 and 1200–1075 cm −1 when compared to neat gasoline because diesel fuel does not have oxygenated compounds such as MTBE, 30 and around 1000–400 cm −1 due to the lower proportion of aromatic compounds.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because the composition of gasoline 95 RON is substantially equal to the composition of gasoline 98 RON, with the exception of the amount of oxygenated compounds. 3 The bands in Figure 2b were intentionally unlabeled in order to better compare the spectra. Both gasoline mixtures were analyzed every 24 h for 8 days.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the characteristics of neat or non-burned ILs and ignitable liquid residues (ILRs) from fire debris have been deeply studied to date. 1–4 In order to ensure the highest accuracy in the results, the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) collects accurate information and lists standardized analytical methodologies, 5 and the National Center for Forensic Science (NCFS) offers the Ignitable Liquids Reference Collection (ILRC) database. 6 Both institutions help forensic experts from all over the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, there is wide knowledge about the distortion effects of their chemical fingerprints, which can hinder the interpretation of the analytical results. 3 The microbial activity over samples, the presence of background pyrolysis products, or the weathering effect of the ILs are the most usual distortion effects. 7–11…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most commonly used analytical technique in forensic laboratories to analyze neat ILs or fire debris samples is gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 2,3,5 In addition, during recent years interest in applying spectroscopic techniques such as Raman spectroscopy or Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to carry out the analysis of these samples has increased. The portability of some of these instruments, no sample treatment, very fast scan time, or no sample destruction are some of their interesting advantages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of Spectral Modifications in Acidified Ignitable Liquids by Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

2016

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In this work, the spectral characteristics of two types of acidified gasoline and acidified diesel fuel are discussed. Neat and acidified ignitable liquids (ILs) infrared absorption spectra obtained by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were compared in order to identify the modifications produced by the reaction of the ILs with sulfuric acid. Several bands crucial for gasoline identification were modified, and new bands appeared over the reaction time. In the case of acidified diesel fuel, no significant modifications were observed. Additionally, the neat and acidified ILs spectra were used to perform a principal components analysis in order to confirm objectively the results. The complete discrimination among samples was successfully achieved, including the complete differentiation among gasoline types. Taking into account the results obtained in this work, it is possible to propose spectral fingerprints for the identification of non-burned acidified ILs in forensic investigations related with arson or the use of improvised incendiary devices (IIDs).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of Spectral Modifications in Acidified Ignitable Liquids by Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

2016

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Reversible Addition of Carbon Dioxide to Main Group Metal Complexes at Temperatures about 0 °C

Koptseva

Соколов

Ketkov

et al. 2021

Chemistry A European J

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The reaction of dialane [LAl‐AlL] (1; L=dianion of 1,2‐bis[(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene, dpp‐bian) with carbon dioxide results in two different products depending on solvent. In toluene at temperatures of about 0 °C, the reaction gives cycloadduct [L(CO2)Al‐Al(O2C)L] (2), whereas in diethyl ether, the reaction affords oxo‐bridged carbamato derivative [L(CO2)(Et2O)Al(μ‐O)AlL] (3). The DFT and QTAIM calculations provide reasonable explanations for the reversible formation of complex 2 in the course of two subsequent (2+4) cycloaddition reactions. Consecutive transition states with low activation barriers were revealed. Also, the DFT study demonstrated a crucial effect of diethyl ether coordination to aluminium on the reaction of dialane 1 with CO2. The optimized structures of key intermediates were obtained for the reactions in the presence of Et2O; calculated thermodynamic parameters unambiguously testify the irreversible formation of the product 3.

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Development and Applications of Portable Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry for Emergency Responders, the Military, and Law-Enforcement Organizations

2016

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Portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) systems are being deployed for field use, and are designed with this goal in mind. Performance characteristics of instruments that are successful in the field are different from those of equivalent technologies that are successful in a laboratory setting. These field-portable systems are extending the capabilities of the field user, providing investigative leads and confirmatory identifications in real time. Many different types of users benefit from the availability of this technology including emergency responders, the military, and law-enforcement organizations. This manuscript describes performance characteristics that are important for field-portable instruments, especially field-portable GC-MS systems, and demonstrates the value of this equipment to the disciplines of explosives investigations, fire investigations, and counterfeit-drug detection. This paper describes the current state of portable GC-MS technology, including a review of the development of portable GC-MS, as well as a demonstration of the value of this capability using different examples.

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Preface

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Study of Spectral Modifications in Acidified Ignitable Liquids by Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Study of Spectral Modifications in Acidified Ignitable Liquids by Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Reversible Addition of Carbon Dioxide to Main Group Metal Complexes at Temperatures about 0 °C

Development and Applications of Portable Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry for Emergency Responders, the Military, and Law-Enforcement Organizations

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