Preempting Quality Challengers in House Elections

Preemptive Fund-raising and Challenger Profile in Senate Elections

“…The finding that preemptive fund-raising does not dissuade higher profile challengers from making Senate races is consistent with Krasno and Green's (1988) conclusion regarding House contests. The quality level of challengers 130n Bradley see The Cook Political Report, November 16, 1989. in House races, however, is strongly related to the perceived electoral weakness of the incumbent Bond, Covington, and Fleisher 1985).…”

“…Goldenberg, Traugott, and Baumgartner's (1986) analysis of the 1978 House elections suggests that early money dissuades strong challengers. A subsequent study by Krasno and Green (1988), however, did not uncover any relationship between early money and challenger quality. Their finding is consistent with the determination that uncontested House seats do not result from incumbents' intimidating war chests (Squire 1989b The mean amount of cash-on-hand senators have 22 months before the election has been increasing (Sorauf 1988, 157;Smith 1988), as the bars labeled overall in figure 1 show.…”

Leaving Office: The U.S. Senator’s Representation, Ideological Adoption, and Strategic Retirement

“…The incumbent's vote share of the two party in the previous senatorial race shows the anticipated level of electoral competition and, in turn, has a discernible impact on decisions about seeking election by incumbents. Actually, previous vote margins of incumbents are a simple and straightforward indicator to show the electoral success of the incumbent in the future (Krasno & Green, 1988;Jacobson, 2009). The results of Table 1 confirm that previous election results dete rmine the incumbent senator's electoral prospects, thereby functioning as a critical factor to account for strategic retirements.…”

Prior Margins of Victory and Legislative Careers: Competing Risks Regression Analysis in South Korean National Assembly, 1988–2015

“…Most importantly, recent works on congressional careers show that the campaign environment is rather strategic (Bianco, 1984;Bond et al, 1985;Krasno and Green, 1988;Squire, 1988;Levitt and Wolfram, 1997;Goodliffe, 2001Goodliffe, , 2007. In particular, the literature has examined the question, "Under what conditions does an incumbent retire?"…”