Preeclampsia: Pathophysiology and the Maternal-Fetal Risk

Khalil, Gibran

doi:10.23937/2474-3690/1510024

Cited by 27 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Mean body mass index (BMI) was 21.08±1.68kg/m 2 . A study conducted by E. Same findings were presented in previous study [13] In present study, overall complications found in 57 (57%). Among all the complications the most frequent complication was HELLP syndrome and found in 21 (21%) patients followed by placental abruption in 16%, eclampsia in 11%, coagulopathy in 4%, and acute renal failure in 3% patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Maternal Outcome in Women with Preeclampsia

Siddique¹,

Naeem²,

Ramejo³

et al. 2021

PJMHS

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Aim: To determine the maternal outcomes in women presented with severe pre-eclampsia. Study Design: Prospective/Observational Place and Duration: Obs & Gynae department of Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College and Hospital, Lahore and Kausar hospital/Khairpur Medical College, Khairpur Mir’s Methods: Total 100 patients with ages 18 to 45 years presented with pre-eclampsia were included in this study. Patients detailed demographic including age, parity, gestational age, and body mass index were recorded after taking written consent. Patients complete blood picture was examined. Complications associated with preeclampsia were examined. Data was analyzed by SPSS 23.0. Results: Out of 100 patients 23 (23%) were ages <20 years, 42 (42%) were ages 20 to 30 years, 30 (30%) were ages 31 to 40 years and 5 (5%) were ages above 40 years. 41 (41%) were primigravida while 59 (59%) were multigravida. Mean gestational age was 34.11±3.88 weeks. HELLP syndrome found in 21 (21%) patients, 11 (11%) patients had eclampsia, and 16 (16%) patients had placental abruption, coagulopathy found in 4 (4%) patients, 3 (3%) patients developed acute renal failure and 2 (2%) patients were died. Conclusion: It is concluded that pre-eclampsia is highly associated with major maternal complications such as HELLP syndrome, eclampsia, placental abruption and maternal mortality. Keywords: Pre-eclampsia, HELLP Syndrome, Placental Abruption, Eclampsia, Mortality

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Maternal Outcome in Women with Preeclampsia

Siddique¹,

Naeem²,

Ramejo³

et al. 2021

PJMHS

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“…The foetal complications of preeclampsia arise from placenta ischaemia. These include intrauterine growth restriction, intrauterine foetal death, premature birth with attendant perinatal morbidity and mortality, increased risk of metabolic syndrome in adult life [ 2 , 3 ]. The maternal complications of preeclampsia arise from endothelial dysfunction, leading to multisystem organ dysfunction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine deficiency in pregnancy along a concentration gradient is associated with increased severity of preeclampsia in rural Eastern Cape, South Africa

Businge

Longo-Mbenza

Kengne

2022

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity in South Africa. Iodine deficiency in pregnancy, which is amenable to correction through iodine supplementation, has been reported to increase the risk of preeclampsia. However, the association of iodine nutrition status with preeclampsia in South Africa has not been studied. Methods We enrolled 51 randomly selected normotensive pregnant controls at term together with 51 consecutively selected cases of preeclampsia and 51 cases of severe preeclampsia/eclampsia, all in the third trimester, from Mthatha Regional and Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital in the Eastern Cape Province. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC), serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroxine (FT4) and thyroglobulin (Tg) levels were compared between cases and controls. Results The respective chronological and gestational ages at enrolment for normotensive, preeclampsia and severe preeclampsia/eclampsia participants were: age 23, 24 and 19 years (p = 0.001), and gestational age 38, 34, and 35 weeks (p < 0.001). The median gravidity was 1 for all three groups. The median UIC, FT4, FT3 revealed a decreasing and Tg a rising trend with the severity of preeclampsia (p < 0.05). TSH had a non-significant rising trend (p > 0.05). The respective median values for normotensive, preeclampsia and severe preeclampsia/eclampsia participants were UIC 217.1, 127.7, and 98.8 μg/L; FT4 14.2, 13.7, and 12. pmol/L; FT3 4.8, 4.4, and 4.0 pmol//L; Tg 19.4, 21.4, and 32. Nine microgram per liter; TSH 2.3, 2.3, and 2.5 mIU/L. UIC < 100 μg/L, Tg > 16 μg/L and FT4 < 11.3 pmol/L were independent predictors of preeclampsia/eclampsia syndrome. Conclusion Women with severe preeclampsia/eclampsia had significantly low UIC and high Tg, suggesting protracted inadequate iodine intake. Inadequate iodine intake during pregnancy severe enough to cause elevated Tg and FT4 deficiency was associated with an increased risk of severe preeclampsia/eclampsia.

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“…Poor placentation [3] is now believed to be the triggering event that results in a multisystemic response from the mother that can lead to devastating consequences, such as HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome), pulmonary edema, renal failure, encephalopathy, eclampsia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and others [4]. The pregnancy itself is at risk as fetal growth is deterred and premature birth, abruption of the placenta and fetal death are more likely to happen [5]. Although hypertensive disorders induced by pregnancy resolve with the delivery of the placenta or soon after, it is now known that the risk of numerous cardiovascular diseases -arterial hypertension, coronary atherosclerosis, stroke, heart failure, peripheral artery disease, and venous thromboembolism [6], [7] remains higher in those women years after the completion of the pregnancy and even lead to a higher cardiovascular mortality [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac Biomarkers in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

Gencheva

Nikolov

Uchikova

et al. 2021

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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In recent years, biomarkers have taken a central place in the assessment of cardiovascular diseases – from prediction to management and prognosis. On the other hand, enough evidence exists to assume that hypertensive disorders of pregnancy share a certain connection with cardiovascular diseases – from common risk factors and underlying mechanisms to the presence of a higher risk for women for the development of a great number of cardiovascular diseases, such as arterial hypertension, coronary atherosclerosis, stroke, peripheral artery disease, venous thromboembolism, and even a higher cardiovascular mortality. The key to a better understanding of the unfavorable cardiovascular profile of women with a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy may lie in their assessment with biomarkers, typically used in the field of cardiology. In this review, we have included studies investigating the use of cardiovascular biomarkers during or after a hypertensive pregnancy, namely, natriuretic peptides, high-sensitivity cardiac troponins, growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), soluble suppression of tumorigenicity-2 (sST2), and galectin-3.

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Preeclampsia: Pathophysiology and the Maternal-Fetal Risk

Cited by 27 publications

References 24 publications

Maternal Outcome in Women with Preeclampsia

Maternal Outcome in Women with Preeclampsia

Iodine deficiency in pregnancy along a concentration gradient is associated with increased severity of preeclampsia in rural Eastern Cape, South Africa

Cardiac Biomarkers in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

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