Predominant Detection of the Subgroup A2b Human Metapneumovirus Strain with a 111-Nucleotide Duplication in the &lt;i&gt;G&lt;/i&gt; gene in Yokohama City, Japan in 2018

Saikusa, Miwako; Nao, Naganori; Kawakami, Chiharu; Usuku, Shuzo; Tanaka, Nobuko; Tahara, Maino; Takeda, Makoto; Okubo, Ichiro

doi:10.7883/yoken.jjid.2019.124

Cited by 17 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Obviously, in animal experiments, subtype B shows a stronger adaptability. This is inconsistent with the conclusion that subtype A is the dominant strain in human 52,53 . It may be that the hMPV dominant strain is different in different populations, or that our experiment time is too short 54,55 .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Experiments Investigating the Competitive Growth Advantage of Two Different Genotypes of Human Metapneumovirus: Implications for the Alternation of Genotype Prevalence

Zhou

Zhang

Cui

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an important pathogen that causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children worldwide. hMPV has two major genotypes, hMPV-A and hMPV-B.Epidemiological studies have shown that the two hMPV genotypes alternate in predominance worldwide in recent years. Co-circulation of the two genotypes of hMPV was usually observed and there is no study about the interaction between them, such as competitive replication, which maybe the possible mechanisms for alternating prevalence of subtypes. Our present study have used two different genotypes of hMPV (genotype A: NL/1/00; B: NL/1/99) in different proportions in animal model (BALB/c mice) and cell model (Vero-E6) separately. The result showed that the competitive growth does exist in BALB/c mice, genotype B had a strong competitive advantage. However, genotype B did not cause more severe disease than non-predominant (genotype A) or mixed strains in the study, which were evaluated by the body weight, airway hyperresponsiveness and lung pathology of mouse. In cell model, competitive growth and the two genotypes alternately prevalence were observed. In summary, we confirmed that there was a competitive replication between hMPV genotype A and B, and no difference in disease severity caused by the two subtypes. This study shows a new insight to understand the alternation of hMPV genotype prevalence through genotype competition and provide experimental evidence for disease control and vaccine design.Human metapneumovirus (hMPV), which was first isolated from children with respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in the Netherlands in 2001 and belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family and Pneumovirus subfamily 1 , is a leading cause of respiratory infections in children worldwide 2,3 . hMPV has been recognized as a causative agent of respiratory infections, including upper respiratory infections, severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia, in all age groups, with more severe disease occurring in infants, elderly people, and immunocompromised hosts 4-7 . The epidemic season of hMPV is reported to occur from winter to early spring 8 . There are no effective vaccines or drugs to combat hMPV infection.hMPV has been speculated to have similar characteristics as human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and this has been gradually confirmed by research over the last 18 years 8-10 . The seasonality, clinical manifestations, and age distribution of hMPV infection resemble those of RSV infection, and the alternating pattern of the two

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Experiments Investigating the Competitive Growth Advantage of Two Different Genotypes of Human Metapneumovirus: Implications for the Alternation of Genotype Prevalence

Zhou

Zhang

Cui

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Recently, epidemiological survey studies employing PCR assays have detected unique 180nt-dups and 111nt-dups in the G gene of HMPV subtype A2b strains [ 20 , 21 , 31 ]. Our previous work demonstrated that an HMPV A2b 111nt-dup strain is a predominant strain [ 32 ]. Here, we isolated 11 HMPV A2b 111nt-dup strains from clinical specimens and determined their full-genome sequences ( Table 1 , Dataset S1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The “A2b1” and “A2b2” subtypes were also proposed based on analyses using a short region (111 nucleotides in length) of the F gene [ 23 ]. These provisional new subtypes of A2b strains were still classified as part of subtype A2b in some studies [ 32 , 38 , 39 ]. Such variations in genotype nomenclature among researchers may cause confusion regarding HMPV molecular epidemiology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Molecular Evolution of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV): Subdivision of HMPV A2b Strains

Nao

Saikusa²,

Sato

et al. 2020

Microorganisms

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Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a major etiological agent of acute respiratory infections in humans. HMPV has been circulating worldwide for more than six decades and is currently divided into five agreed-upon subtypes: A1, A2a, A2b, B1, and B2. Recently, the novel HMPV subtypes A2c, A2b1, and A2b2 have been proposed. However, the phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships between these recently proposed HMPV subtypes are unclear. Here, we report a genome-wide phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis of 161 HMPV strains, including unique HMPV subtype A2b strains with a 180- or 111-nucleotide duplication in the G gene (nt-dup). Our data demonstrate that the HMPV A2b subtype contains two distinct subtypes, A2b1 and A2b2, and that the HMPV subtypes A2c and A2b2 may be different names for the same subtype. HMPV A2b strains with a nt-dup also belong to subtype A2b2. Molecular evolutionary analyses indicate that subtypes A2b1 and A2b2 diverged from subtype A2b around a decade after the subtype A2 was divided into the subtypes A2a and A2b. These data support the A2b1 and A2b2 subtypes proposed in 2012 and are essential for the unified classification of HMPV subtype A2 strains, which is important for future HMPV surveillance and epidemiological studies.

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“…Moreover, A2c strains with duplications might be replacing A2c wt in the near future, as they might present an improved mechanism of immune evasion. In fact, a group in Japan observed that A2c 111dup had totally replaced the rest of A2 strains [ 25 ], including A2c 180dup . Interestingly, our group has observed how both A2c 111dup and A2c 180dup have replaced together the rest of HMPV-A viruses, being the latter more prevalent [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into immune evasion of human metapneumovirus: novel 180- and 111-nucleotide duplications within viral G gene throughout 2014-2017 seasons in Barcelona, Spain

Piñana

Vila

Maldonado

et al. 2020

Journal of Clinical Virology

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Highlights HMPV has a prevalence of 3%, affecting equally children and adults. 180- and 111-nucleotide duplications emerged, increasing in prevalence over seasons. G proteins w/ duplications protruded more from the membrane than w/o duplication. Viruses w/ duplications were more associated to LRTI in adults than w/o duplication. These facts suggest these duplications might enhance an immune evasion mechanism

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Predominant Detection of the Subgroup A2b Human Metapneumovirus Strain with a 111-Nucleotide Duplication in the <i>G</i> gene in Yokohama City, Japan in 2018

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

Experiments Investigating the Competitive Growth Advantage of Two Different Genotypes of Human Metapneumovirus: Implications for the Alternation of Genotype Prevalence

Experiments Investigating the Competitive Growth Advantage of Two Different Genotypes of Human Metapneumovirus: Implications for the Alternation of Genotype Prevalence

Recent Molecular Evolution of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV): Subdivision of HMPV A2b Strains

Insights into immune evasion of human metapneumovirus: novel 180- and 111-nucleotide duplications within viral G gene throughout 2014-2017 seasons in Barcelona, Spain

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