Predominance of Plasmodium malariae-falciparum Co-Infection by Molecular Speciation in Bangolan, North West Region of Cameroon

Olivia,; Achonduh,; Aristid,; Hervé,; Ekollo,; Mbange,; Atogho-Tiedeu,; Барбара,; Innocent,; Ali, Innocent Mbulli; Mbulli,; Achinko,; Palmer,; Masumbe,; Netongo,; Wilfred,; Fon,; Mbacham,

doi:10.17265/1934-7391/2013.06.006

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 15 publications

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“…Contrary to results obtained by Cho-Fru et al [29] that reported on the presence of substantial numbers of Plasmodium vivax cases in the same study area, no cases of vivax malaria were observed. The results differ from those obtained by Achonduh et al [30] in Bangolan where a higher proportion of Plasmodium malariae was observed compared to Plasmodium Ovale . This shows an inverse relationship between the prevalence of ovale and malariae in the Guinea savanna region of Bangolan and the littoral forest region of Mutengene.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Accuracy of Four Malaria Diagnostic Methods in a High Transmission Setting in Coastal Cameroon

Moyeh

Ali

Njimoh

et al. 2019

Journal of Parasitology Research

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Background. Despite recommendation from the World Health Organization that all malaria suspected patients undergo a parasitological confirmation using rapid diagnostic test or light microscopy prior to treatment, health facilities in remote malaria endemic settings sometimes resort to presumptive diagnosis of malaria for clinical management for various reasons. Following observation of this practice, we undertook a cross-sectional study aimed at comparing presumptive diagnosis based on axillary temperature, SD Bioline™ rapid test, and light microscopy as strategies for malaria diagnosis in the coastal region of Mutengene in the South West of Cameroon with the overall goal of supporting improved malaria diagnosis at local levels. Methodology. Venous blood from 320 participants was used to detect the presence of malaria parasite using SD Bioline™ mRDT and Giemsa stained microscopy or spotted on filter paper for PCR amplification of the 18s rRNA gene of Plasmodium sp following standard procedures. The axillary temperature of each participant was also measured. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values and their confidence intervals were determined for each of the methods with PCR as the reference. The area under the curve was used to estimate accuracy of diagnostic method and compared between test method using the X2 test with P<0.05 considered significant. Results. The overall diagnostic sensitivities of presumptive diagnosis using axillary temperature, light microscopy, and SD Bioline™ were observed to be 74.30% (95%CI: 67.90-80.01), 94.86% (95%CI: 90.99-97.41), and 95.33% (95%CI: 91.57-97.74), respectively, and their respective diagnostic specificities were 53.77% (95%CI: 43.82-63.51), 94.34% (95%CI: 88.09-97.87), and 94.34%(95%CI: 88.09-97.89). SD Bioline™ had a diagnostic sensitivity of 91.80% [95%CI: 81.90-97.28] at a parasitaemia of less than 500 parasites/μl of blood but a sensitivity of 100% for parasite counts above 500 parasites/μl of blood. The predictive values of the positive test were highly comparable between light microscopy (90.09%, [95%CI: 83.61-94.18]) and SD Bioline™ mRDT (90.91%, [95%CI: 84.50-94.83]), P=0.98 with kappa values of 0.898 but lower for presumptive diagnosis (50.89%, [95%CI: 43.72-58.03]), P<0.0001, and kappa value of 0.277. Perfect agreement was observed between SD Bioline™ mRDT and light microscopy (Cohen kappa= 0.924). Conclusions. The study showed that SD Bioline™ was as good as light microscopy in the diagnosis of malaria in remote areas of perennial transmission in South West Cameroon. This study equally revealed the limitations of presumptive diagnosis of malaria (as opposed to the use of RDTs or microscopy). Efforts should be made in such areas to promote parasitological confirmation of malaria using quality assured rapid tests or light microscopy for case management of malaria. The presence of nonnegligible levels of Plasmodium ovale in this study area indicate that treatment guidelines may require revision if same trend is proven in several other areas of same ecology.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Accuracy of Four Malaria Diagnostic Methods in a High Transmission Setting in Coastal Cameroon

Moyeh

Ali

Njimoh

et al. 2019

Journal of Parasitology Research

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Could the Level in Parasitaemia of <i>Plasmodium</i> Determine Sensitivity to Various Diagnostic Tests?

Goselle¹,

Ajiji²,

Jambol³

et al. 2020

AJMB

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The discovery of Plasmodium parasites and its incrimination as the principal cause of malaria in humans has continued to excite researchers towards inventing possible easier methods of diagnosing and identifying these pathological agents in order to mitigate, control and eliminate its continuous scourge to humanity. Currently, three diagnostic methods have been proposed, but agreements as to whether the level of parasitaemia in an individual could connote likely confirmations in the three methods i.e. gold standard, RDTs' and PCR/NESTED PCR, have continued to be a subject of debate. To lay to rest the debate as reported in many studies, we collected blood samples from 100 symptomatic patients who reported to the Jos-Nigeria hospital and using the gold standard methods, we were able to confirm that 30 (30%) samples out of the 100 blood samples collected were positive to P. falciparum, chiefly recorded among duffy-negative Africans. Excited with our findings, we prepared the thick blood films for each sample and used it to estimate the levels of parasitaemia (parasites density) per μl of blood (i.e. 1+; 2+; 3+ and 4+) per 100 high power fields (|HPF). We then subjected the individually confirmed parasite density samples to the other two methods i.e. Rapid Diagnostic Test (one-step RTD and optimal-IT® RDT) and to molecular assay (PCR and the nested PCR). Interestingly, of the 30 positive samples, 18 (60%) were confirmed positive to the one-step and optimal-IT® RDTS, while 3 (30%) out of the 10 (100%) samples of various parasite density subjected to molecular as-How to cite this paper: Goselle, O.N.,

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The assessment of fever in under-five children in the Ekounou Health Area of Yaounde, Cameroon: Usefulness of rapid diagnostic tests

Tiedeu¹,

Tadjouo²,

Sontsa³

et al. 2017

Int. J. Med. Med. Sci.

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Improper diagnosis and management of febrile patients results in the persistence of malaria and other conditions with similar symptoms. The algorithm established here with Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) will help in the follow-up and treatment of fever patients according to the guidelines on Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI). This study aimed at determining the causes of fever in children and at valorizing the use of RDTs for the diagnosis of febrile diseases. Fifty children with fever, aged between 0 and 5 years, were recruited in a cross-sectional study at the Ekounou Baptist Clinic in Yaounde. RDTs were used to assess for the four common causes of febrile illness in the area. Microscopy was done and the Plasmodium species were confirmed by nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Of the 50 febrile children, none was rubella seropositive, while 8% had malaria, 22% had toxoplasmosis infection, 8% had Salmonella typhi, 14% had a malaria-typhoid fever co-infection, 4% had a malaria-toxoplasmosis co-infection, 6% had a malaria-toxoplasmosis-typhoid fever coinfection, and 38% were negative for all the suspected common causes of fever in the health district. The overall frequencies of occurrence attributed 32% to malaria, 32% to toxoplasmosis and 28% to typhoid fever. Among all the positive malaria cases (n=16 (32%)) Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale were identified by nested PCR. Malaria RDT results agreed significantly with the microscopy (kappa=0.81; p<0.0001) and PCR (kappa=0.84; p<0.0001) results; and the microscopy results also concurred significantly with the PCR results (kappa=0.77; p<0.0001). Malaria was not the exclusive cause of fever. Toxoplasmosis was found to occur in the same proportion as malaria (32%) in the study population. S. typhi was the third most important infection. Therefore RDTs are appropriate tools for the management of childhood febrile diseases.

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Predominance of Plasmodium malariae-falciparum Co-Infection by Molecular Speciation in Bangolan, North West Region of Cameroon

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Comparison of the Accuracy of Four Malaria Diagnostic Methods in a High Transmission Setting in Coastal Cameroon

Comparison of the Accuracy of Four Malaria Diagnostic Methods in a High Transmission Setting in Coastal Cameroon

Could the Level in Parasitaemia of <i>Plasmodium</i> Determine Sensitivity to Various Diagnostic Tests?

The assessment of fever in under-five children in the Ekounou Health Area of Yaounde, Cameroon: Usefulness of rapid diagnostic tests

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Predominance of Plasmodium malariae-falciparum Co-Infection by Molecular Speciation in Bangolan, North West Region of Cameroon

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Comparison of the Accuracy of Four Malaria Diagnostic Methods in a High Transmission Setting in Coastal Cameroon

Comparison of the Accuracy of Four Malaria Diagnostic Methods in a High Transmission Setting in Coastal Cameroon

Could the Level in Parasitaemia of &lt;i&gt;Plasmodium&lt;/i&gt; Determine Sensitivity to Various Diagnostic Tests?

The assessment of fever in under-five children in the Ekounou Health Area of Yaounde, Cameroon: Usefulness of rapid diagnostic tests

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Could the Level in Parasitaemia of <i>Plasmodium</i> Determine Sensitivity to Various Diagnostic Tests?